1. Unit XVIII - Islam Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved

2. 1. The Mosque in Medina

3. 2. The Muslim World of 1453

4. 3. Beginnings A. founded by Muhammad in 622 B. born in 570 C. successful caravan merchant D. married Khadija E. troubled by idol worship/morality F. a visit by Gabriel – “Proclaim” G. the first convert H. 622 – The first hijra, Yathrib (Medina) I. the reconquering of Mecca

5. 4. Video

6. 5. Death and Division A. When did Muhammad die? A. When did Muhammad die? B.. Who took over after his death? B.. Who took over after his death? C. Who else wanted to take over? C. Who else wanted to take over? D. Who are Sunni Muslims? D. Who are Sunni Muslims? E. Who are Shi’ite Muslims? E. Who are Shi’ite Muslims?

7. 6. Main Beliefs of Islam A. The 5 Pillars A. The 5 Pillars 1. Declaration of Faith – one God, Allah, Muhammad is his prophet 1. Declaration of Faith – one God, Allah, Muhammad is his prophet 2. Daily prayer – facing Mecca, 5x 2. Daily prayer – facing Mecca, 5x 3. Charity to the poor 3. Charity to the poor 4. Fasting during Ramadan 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Hajj to Mecca 1x during lifetime 5. Hajj to Mecca 1x during lifetime

8. 7. Video

9. 8. Other Beliefs A. Mosque – Muslim place of worship B. Quran – The sacred word of God, as revealed to Muhammad C. Sharia – Written laws of the faith D. People of the Book E. caliph F. the rights of women G. the spreading of the faith H. eternity in paradise I. the importance of Jerusalem

10. 9. The Dome of the Rock

11. 10 The Great Mosque - Mecca

12. 11. The Early Dynasties of Islam A. The Umayyad s A. The Umayyad s 1. 1st dynasty 1. 1st dynasty 2. ruled until 750, Arabs dominated 2. ruled until 750, Arabs dominated 3. early successes gaining wealth and spreading Islam to NW. Africa. E. Persia, and Spain 3. early successes gaining wealth and spreading Islam to NW. Africa. E. Persia, and Spain 4. overthrown by Abassids when conquests slowed 4. overthrown by Abassids when conquests slowed B. The Abassids B. The Abassids 1. led by Abu al-Abbas 1. led by Abu al-Abbas 2. lasted until 1258 2. lasted until 1258 3. ended Arab dominance 3. ended Arab dominance 4. period of greatest wealth and power – “Golden Age” 4. period of greatest wealth and power – “Golden Age” 5. Bagdad – capital 5. Bagdad – capital 6. Persian traditions 6. Persian traditions 7. overthrown by Seljuks 7. overthrown by Seljuks

13. 12. The Golden Age of Islam A. What were the advances in the following fields during the Golden Age (750-1350)? A. What were the advances in the following fields during the Golden Age (750-1350)? 1. international trade; 1. international trade; 2. manufacturing; 2. manufacturing; 3. agriculture; 3. agriculture;

14. 13. Golden Age (cont.) 4. art;. 4. art;. 5. architecture; 5. architecture; 6. literature; 6. literature; 7.mMathematics; 7.mMathematics; 8. astronomy; 8. astronomy;

15. 14. Golden Age (cont.) 9. medicine; Muhammad al Razi, tests for locations for hospitals, physicians, hospitals, emergency rooms, traveling physicians, holistic health, Avicenna, diagnosis and treatment of disease, prescription medication, cataract treatment 9. medicine; Muhammad al Razi, tests for locations for hospitals, physicians, hospitals, emergency rooms, traveling physicians, holistic health, Avicenna, diagnosis and treatment of disease, prescription medication, cataract treatment

16. 15. Mehmet II

17. 16. Constantinople

18. 17. The Ottoman and Safavid Empires A. Ottoman Empire (1450-1800’s) A. Ottoman Empire (1450-1800’s) 1. Turkish speaking from western/central Asia 1. Turkish speaking from western/central Asia 2. strong central governments 2. strong central governments 3. largest in 1500’s- 1600’s 3. largest in 1500’s- 1600’s 4.Suleiman the Magnificent 4.Suleiman the Magnificent 5. janissaries 5. janissaries 6. the arts and literature 6. the arts and literature 7. the 4 classes 7. the 4 classes 8. the fall 8. the fall B. The Safavid Empire (1500’s-1722) B. The Safavid Empire (1500’s-1722) 1. location - Persia 1. location - Persia 2. Shah Abbas the Great – centralized govt., powerful educated military 2. Shah Abbas the Great – centralized govt., powerful educated military 3. strong economy 3. strong economy 4. capital - Isfahan 4. capital - Isfahan 5. the arts and literature 5. the arts and literature 6. international trade 6. international trade 7. the fall 7. the fall

19. 18. Islam in India A. When did Islam first spread into the Indus River Valley? Who spread it throughout India and when? A. When did Islam first spread into the Indus River Valley? Who spread it throughout India and when? B. Why did Islam conflict with Hinduism? B. Why did Islam conflict with Hinduism? C. What was the Mughal Dynasty and when did it rule? C. What was the Mughal Dynasty and when did it rule? D. Who ws Akbar the Great? D. Who ws Akbar the Great?

20. 19. The Taj Mahal

21. 206. Important Terms and People A. Muhammad A. Muhammad B. Khadija B. Khadija C. mosque C. mosque D. Quran D. Quran E. Sharia E. Sharia F. Sunni F. Sunni G. Shi’ite G. Shi’ite H. Abu Bakr H. Abu Bakr I. Ali and Fatima I. Ali and Fatima J. Umayad Dynasty J. Umayad Dynasty K. Abassid Dynasty K. Abassid Dynasty L. Suleiman the Mag. L. Suleiman the Mag. M. Mehmet II M. Mehmet II N. Allah N. Allah O. Ottoman Empire O. Ottoman Empire P. Safavid Empire P. Safavid Empire Q. minaret Q. minaret R. Muhammad al Razi R. Muhammad al Razi S. Avicenna (Ibn Sina) S. Avicenna (Ibn Sina)