1. Journal Topic: Civilization Task: Describe in your own words what the word civilization means. Also describe two words that could be considered the opposite of civilization. Jefferson believed that if American Indians were made to adopt European-style agriculture and live in European-style towns and villages, then they would quickly "progress" from "savagery" to "civilization" and eventually be equal, in his mind, to white men. Source: “American Indians.” Monticello. 4 September 2012. http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/american-indians

2. Journal Topic: Manifest Destiny and Causes of Conflict with Native Americans Task: Read the following quote and describe what it means in your own words? How could this attitude potentially lead to conflict between Native Americans and European Americans? “It is our manifest destiny to over spread and possess the whole of the continent which providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty.”—John O’ Sullivan, editor of the Morning Post (1845)

3. Cherokee Removal—Trail of Tears Debate/Simulation Introduction: Students will engage in a mock Congressional debate to determine if the Cherokee will be removed to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Performance Objectives: Students will effectively analyze and utilize primary sources to formulate arguments supporting or opposing removal of the Cherokee. Guiding Unit Essential Question to Consider: What were the major causal factors of conflict between European- Americans and Native Americans?

4. Cornell Notes for Video: Unit: Native Americans Topic: Cherokee Indian Removal Guiding Questions: 1. Who were the principle people involved in the issue of Indian Removal on both sides? 2. Why did the government and other Whites want to remove the Cherokee? 3. What was the end result? Big Picture Essential Question: What factors were responsible for conflict between European Americans and Native Americans?

5. Trail of Tears

6. Relocation of Major Tribes by the Indian Removal Act

7. President Andrew Jackson—Jackson pushed for passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 “John Marshall has made his decision; let him enforce it if he can.”—A. Jackson

8. Cherokee Removal—Trail of Tears Debate/Simulation 1. Read “What happened on the Trail of Tears” and write a one paragraph summary addressing the following points: –What was the Indian Removal Act? –What was the Treaty of Echota? –How far were the Cherokee forced to travel on the trail of tears? –Describe one other question you have regarding the Cherokee removal to Indian Territory? (Trail of Tears)

9. Primary Source Analysis Read each of the primary source documents For each document include the number and title. Summarize the main points of each document (Jackson makes at least five points regarding removal) Indicate whether the document supports removal or opposes removal

10. Debate Scenario Situation: Senate Debate to Determine Whether the U.S. should sign the Treaty of New Echota Parties for the Debate: Pro-Removal Senators and Anti-Removal Senators Audience: Fellow Senators concerned with the best interest of the United States of America Resources: Primary Source Packet and your brain.

11. Debate Format Question #1. 1. Side A. Response 2. Side B. Rebuttal 3. Side A. Redirect Question #2. 1. Side B. Response 2. Side A. Rebuttal 3. Side B. Redirect

12. Debate Scoring Rubric 1. Logic (+) 2. Articulation/Clarity (+) 3. Historical Information (+) 4. Creativity/Originality 1. Illogical (-) 2. Confusing (-) 3. Historically Inaccurate (-) 4. Repetitive (-) 5. Interrupting and Speaking out of turn (-)

13. Debate Preparation Choose Groups Choose a group leader Discuss the main points of each primary source List the arguments supporting your position (Four Points)—each person is responsible for a debate sheet. Use the primary sources to support your points. List opposition points to your position List rebuttal points to opposition points List historical facts, primary source information to support your position Decide who will represent your group in the debate panel.

14. Topic: Cherokee Debate Reflection 1. What was your overall opinion of the debate? What did you like about the debate and what did you not like about the debate? 2. How do you feel you did regarding your participation in the debate? 3. What could you do in the future to improve your performance in the debate?

15. Cherokee Extended Response: Due Tomorrow! Prompt: Which argument for each side are is the strongest? Why? Use supportive details to support your conclusion. (3/4 Page)