1. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 1 Annual Meeting of the AASHTO Subcommittee on Design Human Factors Guidelines (HFG) for Road Systems (NCHRP 17-41) July 22, 2009 John L. Campbell Battelle, Center for Human Performance and Safety

2. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 2 Discussion Topics Project Overview Conceptual Framework for Guideline Development Progress To Date Current Activities Next Steps

3. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 3 Project Overview Title: Human Factors Design Guidelines (HFG) for Road Systems –Phase II, NCHRP 17-31, July 2005 – July 2008 –Phase III, NCHRP 17-41, March 2008 – February 2010 Phase I (NCHRP 17-18 (8), 2001-2004): Key products were introductory HFG materials and guidelines for Sight Distance Sponsor/COTR: TRB/Chuck Niessner

4. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 4 Existing references for road system design do not always provide highway designers and traffic engineers with adequate guidance for incorporating road user needs, limitations, and capabilities. Considerable research exists on road users’ characteristics that is not included in existing reference materials. Designers and engineers value and will use factual information and insights on road users’ characteristics to facilitate safe roadway design and operational decisions. Project Overview Why do we need Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems?

5. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 5 Project Overview Why do we need Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems? The HFG is intended to complement, not replace, existing sources of road design information.

6. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 6 Project Overview Specific Requirements for the HFG The Human Factors Guidelines should: Reflect user requirements for content, format, and organization Focus on road user needs, limitations, and capabilities Provide clear, relevant, and easy-to-use guidance Aid and augment the judgment and experience of highway designers and traffic engineers

7. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 7 Conceptual Framework for Guideline Development FINAL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Objectives & Tasks Available Design Data Design Process Existing Constraints “Givens” in Design Diverse Designers Design Environment Original Research Compilations System Design User-Centered Guidelines Designer needs for content, organization, and format Formulation of Individual Guidelines Integrative review of data sources Database of Human Factors Research Technical Reports Books Literature Reviews Handbooks Standards Journal Articles Conference Proceedings EXPERIMENTS

8. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 8 Progress To Date Procedures for Guideline Development Human Factors Literature Identify User Needs 1 Select Data Sources 2 Evaluate the Selected Data Sources 3 Formulate the Guidelines 4 Representative End-Users Design Context Key Data Sources Reviews of Draft Guidelines

9. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 9 Progress To Date Overview of Current HFG Contents PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES Chapter 1: Why Have Human Factors Guidelines (HFG) for Road Systems? Chapter 2: How to Use this Document PART II: BRINGING ROAD USER CAPABILITIES INTO HIGHWAY DESIGN AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING PRACTICE Chapter 3: Finding Information Like a Road User Chapter 4: Integrating Road User, Highway Design, and Traffic Engineering Needs

10. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 10 Progress To Date Overview of Current HFG Contents PART III: HUMAN FACTORS GUIDANCE FOR ROADWAY LOCATION ELEMENTS Chapter 5: Sight Distance Guidelines (8) Chapter 6: Curves (Horizontal) (6) Chapter 10: Non-signalized Intersections (5) Chapter 11: Signalized Intersections (4) Chapter 13: Construction and Work Zones (6)

11. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 11 PART V: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Chapter 22: Tutorials –Tutorial 1: Real-World Driver Behavior Versus Design Models –Tutorial 2: Diagnosing Sight Distance Problems and Other Design Deficiencies Chapter 23: References Progress To Date Overview of HFG Contents

12. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 12 Progress To Date Presentation Format Right-hand page References Cross References Design Issues Discussion Abbreviated Handbook Title (Both Pages) Abbreviated Chapter Title (Both Pages) Revision Version (Both Pages) Guideline Title Bar Scale Rating Introduction Design Guideline Left-hand page Page Numbers Figure, Table, or Graphic

13. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 13 Progress To Date Examples of Guidelines/Graphics Key Components of Sight Distance

14. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 14 Progress To Date Examples of Guidelines/Graphics Time Gap (t g ) (seconds) at design speed of major road Design VehicleLeft TurnRight Turn Passenger car7.56.5 Single-unit truck9.58.5 Combination truck11.510.5 Acceptable Gap Distance

15. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 15 Progress To Date Examples of Guidelines/Graphics Countermeasures for Improving Accessibility of Vision-impaired Pedestrians at Roundabouts

16. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 16 Progress To Date Examples of Guidelines/Graphics Task Analysis of Curve Driving

17. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 17 Progress To Date Examples of Guidelines/Graphics The Influence of Perceptual Factors on Curve Driving

18. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 18 Current Activities Chapters currently under development in Phase III of the HFG effort: –Chapter 16: Special Considerations for Rural Environments –Chapter 17: Speed Perception, Speed Choice, and Speed Control –Chapter 18: Signing –Chapter 19: Changeable Message Signs –Chapter 20: Markings

19. BUSINESS SENSITIVE 19 For More Information… NCHRP Report 600B –http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=9867http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=9867 Project 17-41 website –http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?Proj ectID=1635http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?Proj ectID=1635 John L. Campbell, Battelle –206-528-3254 –campjohn@battelle.org Chuck Niessner, NAS/NCHRP –202-334-1431 –CNiessner@nas.edu