1. Revelations of the neutrino: Mass of the neutrino (KATRIN) Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 1

2.  Mass of the neutrino A short biography Properties Mass of the neutrino Tritium beta-decay Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 2 Outline

3. 1930: Process of Beta Decay (nucleus + electron) did not match with conservation of energy, momentum and angular momentum. Wolfgang Pauli postulated a new particle to describe these problems and called it „Neutron“. 1932:James Chadwick discovered the neutral massive particel in nucleis and also named it „Neutron“. 1933: Enrico Fermi named the first „Neutron“ „Neutrino“. This confusion was only about the electron neutrino !!! Discovery: NeutrinoTheoreticalExperimental Electron1930 (Wolfgang Pauli)1956 (C.Cowan, F.Reines) MyonLate 1940s1962 (L.Lederman, M.Schwartz,J.Steinberger) TaonMid 1970s2000 (DONUT Collaboration) Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 3 A short biography

4. - Weak (and gravitational) interaction only 40 000 000 000 (4*10^10) neutrinos are flying through your thumbnail every second! - Neutrino Oscillation Neutrinos can change their flavour! Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 4 Properties http://www.hk-phy.org/articles/neutrino/neutrino_joke_e.jpg http://www.laguna-science.eu/images/stories/oscill.gif

5. Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 5 Mass of the neutrino Standard Modell: m=0 Neutrino Oscillation  nonzero mass How do you measure the mass of such a particle? http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/overview/zerfall-transparent-10.gif The answer ist the Beta-decay (of Tritium)!

6. Mass of the neutrino A short biography Properties Mass of the neutrino  Tritium beta-decay Measuring the electron energy Kurie Plot Why Tritium? KATRIN experiment Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 6 Outline

7. β-spectrum: Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 7 Measuring the electron energy : http://vali.physics.carleton.ca/~watson/Physics/Gifs/Modern_Physics/Beta_decay_spectrum.gif

8. Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 8 http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/overview/talkatdesy_decay.gif

9. Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 9 Kurie-Plot K(E) E E E

10. - Small decay energy (18.57 keV)  easier to detect slow electrons - Long Half-life of 12.3 years - Because of small energy  high variation in Kurie-Plot - Tritium Fermifunction  no distortion of β-spectrum Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 10 Why Tritium?

11. Mass of the neutrino A short biography Properties Mass of the neutrino Tritium beta-decay Measuring the electron energy Kurie Plot Why Tritium?  KATRIN experiment KATRIN Main spectrometer Travel of the Main spectrometer Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 11 Outline

12. (KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment) Measures the mass of the electron neutrino with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV a – Tritium source b – Transport section c – Pre spectrometer d – Electron-detector e – Main spectrometer Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 12 KATRIN experiment http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/icons/logo_KATRIN/katrin-logo-home-large.gif http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/ e

13. Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 13 KATRIN Main spectrometer http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/em-design/mace_electrodes.gif U=18640 V

14. Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 14 Travel of the Main Spectrometer http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/spectrometer/Transport-Main-Spectrom4.jpg Deggendorf  Leopoldshafen  Karlsruhe

15. Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 15 Travel of the Main spectrometer (2006) http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/spectrometer/Annegret_DCP_1973.JPG http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/spectrometer/IMG_0158.jpg Travel by sea with the Annegret Passing Jochenstein lock with a safety margin of 7 cm

16. Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 16

17. http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/ N.Schmitz: Neutrinophysik (Teubner 1997) Prof. Kai Zuber en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 17 Sources

18. http://www.hk-phy.org/articles/neutrino/neutrino_joke_e.jpg http://www.laguna-science.eu/images/stories/oscill.gif http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/overview/zerfall-transparent-10.gif http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/overview/talkatdesy_decay.gif http://yyy.rsmas.miami.edu/groups/tritium/images/h3-molecule.gif http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/icons/logo_KATRIN/katrin-logo-home- large.gif http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/icons/logo_KATRIN/katrin-logo-home- large.gif http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/ http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/em-design/mace_electrodes.gif http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/spectrometer/Transport-Main-Spectrom4.jpg http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/spectrometer/IMG_0158.jpg http://www-ik.fzk.de/tritium/spectrometer/Annegret_DCP_1973.JPG http://vali.physics.carleton.ca/~watson/Physics/Gifs/Modern_Physics/Beta _decay_spectrum.gif http://vali.physics.carleton.ca/~watson/Physics/Gifs/Modern_Physics/Beta _decay_spectrum.gif Christoph Wuttke, Mass of the Neutrino 18 Picture Sources