1. Install Software

2. UNIX Shell The UNIX/LINUX shell is a program important part of a Unix system. interface between the user & UNIX kernel starts running when you log interprets the commands that you type. Before runs commands, determines whether cmd is

3. What a UNIX/LINUX shell Al shells derive many of their features from the Bourne shell, or /bin/sh Every Unix system needs the Bourne shell to function correctly bash is the default shell for most Linux distributions When a user is created, many startup files are placed in their home directory:.bash_logout,.bash_profile,.bashrc...

4. Compress file gzip(gunzip), bzip2 (bunzip2),zip (unzip) : compress and replace ▫ gzip(bzip2) mydata.doc ▫ zip mydata.zip mydata.doc tar: archiving, support gzip(-z) & bzip2 (-j) ▫ archiving: tar -cvfmyarchive.tar mydirectory/ ▫ de-archiving: tar -xvfmyarchive.tar mydirectory/ ▫ combine with gzip  compress: tar -zcvfpics.tar.gz *.jpg  decompress: tar -zxvfpics.tar.gz

5. Compress File gzip(gunzip), bzip2 (bunzip2),zip (unzip) : compress and replace ▫ gzip(bzip2) mydata.doc ▫ zip mydata.zipmydata.doc tar: archiving, support gzip(-z) & bzip2 (-j) ▫ archiving: tar -cvfmyarchive.tarmydirectory/ ▫ de-archiving: tar -xvfmyarchive.tarmydirectory/ ▫ combine with gzip ▫ compress: tar -zcvfpics.tar.gz*.jpg ▫ decompress: tar -zxvfpics.tar.gz

6. Installing Software Sources: ■ Tucows http://linux.tucows.com ■ Freshmeat http://www.freshmeat.net ■ Linux Online http://www.linux.org/appshttp://www.linux.org/apps... Verifying Your Downloads

7. Installing Software Packages (RPM) ■ Install new packages ■ Update existing packages ■ Verify package files ■ Query installed packages ■ Uninstall packages

8. A sample RPM

9. ■ Package. ■ Version Number: 7.0.5. ■ Release Number : 15. The designators include: ■ fcx Specifies that the package is intended for Fedora Core version x. For example, fc4 indicates the package is for Fedora Core 4. ■ rhlx Specifies that the package is intended for Red Hat Linux version x. ■ susexxx Specifies that the package is intended for SUSE Linux version xxx. For example, Fedora Core 10

10. A sample RPM ■ Architecture Type This part of the file name specifies the CPU ▫ ■ i386 Specifies that the software will run on an Intel 80386 or later CPU. ▫ ■ i686 Specifies that the software will run on an Intel Pentium II or ▫later CPU. ▫ ■ athlon Specifies that the software is intended to run on an AMD Athlon CPU. ▫ ■ ppc Specifies that the software is intended to run on the PowerPC CPU. ▫ ■ noarch Specifies that the package is not architecture-dependent.

11. From.rpm packages Installing and upgrading,remove ▫ rpm –i(U) software-2.3.4.rpm ▫ rpm –e software Querying the RPM database ▫ rpm -q software ▫ rpm -qa //list all package ▫ rpm -qa| grepkde

12. Querying Packages-# rpm -q [options] rpm -q ▫ ■ –i rpm –qi postfix command has been issued ▫installed on the system. ▫ ■ --whatrequires  rpm –q –whatrequires postfix ▫ ■ –l This option displays a list of files that are included in an RPM package. ▫ ■ --provides This option displays the functionality the specified package supplies.

13. Querying Packages- -qa — Lists all installed packages. -qf file — Lists the package that owns file. (The file must include the full path name or rpm assumes the current directory.) -qi package — Lists lots of information about a package.000 -qR package — Lists components (such as libraries and commands) that package depends on. -ql package — Lists all the files contained in package.

14. Querying Packages- -qd package — Lists all documentation files that come in package. -qc package — Lists all configuration files that come in package. -qp [option] package — Query packages that are not yet installed. Using this option, along with other query options, allows you to query packages you have that are not yet installed.

15. Verifying rpm package integrity

16. Installing Software from Source Code ■ Preparing the installation files ▫./configure ■ Compiling the executable: convert the text-based source code into a binary executable file by C compiler (such as gcc) ▫make ■ Installing the executable ▫make instal

17. Running yum to download and install RPMs

18. Using yum to install packages locally