1. Current status of TRITON buoy array and Past, Present, and Future Collaborations Ken Ando and Yasu Ishihara, JAMSTEC

2. TRITON buoy array in the tropical oceans 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 March, 1998 March, 1999 March, 2000 August, 2002 March, 2002 March, 2001 88 To understand the generation and dissipation mechanisms of the warm pool in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Key words: warm and fresh water flux, Heat and salt transportation, Barrier layer, equatorial dynamics, air-sea coupling etc. 19 November, 2009

3. Data return rate (recover data) Statistics: data available per period 1999-2008 White : more than 80%, Yellow: 70-80%, Pink: less than 70% Site number123456789101112131415161718* Nominal Latitude 8N5N2NEQ2S5S5N2NEQ8N5N2NEQ8N5N2NEQ1.5S Total Nominal Longitude 156E 147E 137E 138E 130E 95E90E WND 70%64%56%79%80%65%82%72%74%73%89%52%1%6% No Met Observations 30%52%59% AT 91%81%79%77%79%90%91%80%88%99%88%79%1%17%50%79%72% RH 90%75%76%70%79%90%88%59%81%65%75%56%1%17%43%62%64% BAR 85%88%89%79%87%100%82%80%83%98% 73%1%17%26%79%72% RAN 90%75%69%62%80%77%79%76%66%59%85%70%1%17%7%72%62% SWR 84%91%78%73%80%95%91%84%89%87%100%75%1%17%31%79%71% CT-1.5m 76%89%94%79%96%99%91%83%85%100%91%87%84%78%76%90%97%88% CT-25m 91%90%85%86%88%91%88%79%93%79%86%95%96%67%70%81%97%87% CT-50m 90% 82% 79%93%91%68%94%80%93%82%91%98%72%90%83%86% CT-75m 90%94%91%72%91%94%91%78%89%98%92%96%89%93%79%90%92%89% CT-100m 94%93%94%88%95% 91%84%96%98% 91%83%98%73%64%97%91% CT-125m 94%95%94%84%96%99%91%84%99%100% 99%95%98%79%90%97%94% CT-150m 85%88%87%88%96%100%91%84%98%100% 99%96%98%79%90%97%92% CT-200m 94%89%83%87%79%99%91%84%99%90%86%99%89%100%81%78%97%90% CT-250m 94%92%94%86%93%100%91%82%99%100% 99% 100%81%90%97%94% CT-500m 94% 79%96%87%91%76%99%100% 99% 100%81%90%97%92% CTD300m 94%84%94%88%96%100%91%84%99%100% 95%99%93%81%90%97%93% CTD750m 92% 86%96%100%91%84%99%100% 99% 100%81%90%97%94% CRN 54%67%76%62%75%64%60%71%74%95%58%51%61%49%76%31%97%66% Total 87%86%85%79%87%92%88%78%90%91%92%84%62%66%53%66%87%82%

4. Changes of role of JAMSTEC 1990-1999: -Contribution to NOAA’s TAO array (several times servicing to 4 TAO lines from 137E to 165E) -Development of TRITON buoy system (with R/V Mirai) -MOU with PMEL (1997-2007) 2000-2009: - As TAO/TRITON partnership with NOAA. International community recognized the “JAMSTEC buoy system”. - TRITON buoy deployment in the eastern Indian Ocean (1.5S90E and 5S95E) - Development of RAMA under CLOIVAR/GOOS/IOP - TAO transition in NOAA - m-TRITON development in JAMSTEC - MOU with OAR, IAs with PMEL and NDBC (2008-) 2010-: - Era of new collaboration to establish “multi-national sustainable observation”. KORDI/Korea and SOA/China, BPPT/Indoneisa

5. Climate Variability Study and Societal Application through Indonesia-Japan “Maritime Continent COE“ - Radar-Buoy Network Optimization for Rainfall Prediction A Scientific & Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS-MCCOE) Palau XDR+WPR Pontianak WPR Manado WPR Biak WPR MIA/Padang XDR Serpong/Jakarta CDR m-TRITON TRITON Two sites at 0-138E and 2N130E will be replaced by Ina-mTRTION after 2012.

6. Future of Surface Buoy Arrays RAMA: Multinational efforts by China, French, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Africa and US. The first International Resource Forum under CLIVAR and GOOS was held in the last July in Perth. Seems to be good start; however the big issue is a pirates attach in the western Indian ocean. TAO/TRITON: Substantially it has been maintained only by the efforts of US and Japan. We need multinational contributions by other countries such as Korea, China, Indonesia and other Asian countries (looking from Japan). SOA/China KORDI/Korea RAMA TAO/TRITON

7. 1) Increased scientific targets of the Pacific array… as well as El Nino… - El Nino-Modoki in the central Pacific - Asia-Australia Monsoon and MJO interactions in the western Pacific - Relations with Indian Ocean Dipole (relations with Indian ocean) - Ocean warming trend, Pacific Quasi-decadal Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Indonesian Through Flow etc …in CLIVAR, SPICE, NPOCE and CINDY/DYNAMO already… 2) Research & Development of observational technology Just examples for surface buoy technology… - Longer mooring periods (testing 18-24 months mooring system) - Technology to vandalism (Iron-mask TRITON, cone-head ATLAS, etc) - Low-cost & high performance (JAMSTEC-CT sensor) - Technology information sharing (with new comers and with NOAA) Points for tropical ocean observing system (1)

8. 3) The transition of TAO from PMEL to NDBC (and to NCS ?) -Recommend review on the transition of TAO in NOAA How sharing roles works: R/D by PMEL and O/M by NDBC? What impact was to foreign partners and/or other observing systems? What were good and bad points in the transition in NOAA? - The transition was a big adventure for ocean climate research community, and everyone is looking at the result with grave concern. -JAMSTEC is “Research Institute”, and the transition may cause bad balance (and result) if TAO will be maintained only for operational purpose in future. -I know that NDBC and PMEL colleagues did make great effort on this transition. -Based on the review, we need to seek creative approach to realize “sustainable observation” (NCS!?). Points for Tropical Ocean Observing System (2)

9. Points for Tropical Ocean Observing System (3) 4) Need actions towards multinational coordination for the Pacific array and/or Pacific ocean observing systems - Asian countries will (and can) do more. - CLIVAR/GOOS/Indian Ocean Panel has developed IndOOS Resource Forum under IO-GOOS. - Multinational efforts to share resources to maintain/develop the Pacific array and ocean observing system for climate. 5) Climate Service is good as a goal. - "Climate Service for human being” - Climate service needs global observations, and global observations needs substantial multi-national efforts.

10. Thank you very much