1. PERSONAL TELEPRESENCE USING SCALABLE VIDEO CODING Alex Eleftheriadis, Chief Scientist alex@vidyo.com

2. 2 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Videoconferencing Industry – Quality vs. Scale 1010001,000,000 Low Definition Standard Definition High Definition 10,000 Number of End Points Resolution Quality Interactivity Cisco, HP, Polycom Tandberg, LifeSize $10K-$300K Endpoint Price-Performance, Interactivity Existing Technology All Vendors Cisco, Microsoft, Nortel, Avaya,Siemens Skype, Yahoo, AOL, Adobe, Google

3. 3 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Key Videoconferencing System Characteristics Rate Matching Support for heterogeneous endpoints and access networks Personalized Layout Each user selects the resolution and users he/she wants to see Delay Interactivity requires <200msec end-to-end Error Resilience Tolerance to packet loss rates >10% Error Localization An error in one user should not affect other users Complexity Lower complexity = Lower cost Low complexity allows to integrate with existing network services (e.g., in cheap routers)

4. 4 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 H.264 SVC Scalable Video Coding (SVC) Developed by JVT (=Joint Video Team of ITU and ISO) SVC is Amendment 3 to H.264 AVC Most of SVC is in Annex G of H.264 AVC CFP April 2004, Consented in Nov 2007 RTP payload format should go to last-call in July 2008 IETF (Dublin) Vidyo™ is the first company to offer H.264/SVC standard-based solution to solve video conferencing challenges Architecture centered on VidyoRouter™

5. 5 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Temporal Structure of Non-Scalable Codecs

6. 6 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Temporal Scalability

7. 7 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Spatial Scalability Hierarchical MCP & Intra prediction Base layer coding texture motion Multiplex Scalable bit-stream H.264/AVC MCP & Intra prediction Base layer coding texture motion H.264/AVC compatible encoder H.264/AVC-compatible base layer bit-stream Inter-layer prediction: Intra Motion Residual Hierarchical MCP & Intra prediction Base layer coding texture motion Inter-layer prediction: Intra Motion Residual Spatial decimation Spatial decimation

8. 8 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Temporal + Spatial Scalability

9. 9 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Temporal + Spatial Scalability QVGA 30 fps QVGA 30 fps

10. 10 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Temporal + Spatial Scalability VGA 15 fps VGA 15 fps

11. 11 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Multipoint with Native Rate Matching High Resolution High Frame Rate Low Resolution Low Frame Rate 1.5Mbps 512Kbps 128Kbps Medium Resolution Medium Frame Rate 256Kbps Medium Resolution High Frame Rate High Resolution High Frame Rate VidyoRouter™

12. 12 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Traditional Transcoding MCU ENCODE DECODE ENCODE DECODE Packet Loss Sensitivity, Requires Dedicated Network High Cost High Delay Quality Degradation DECODE ENCODE COMPOSE

13. 13 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 VidyoRouter™ VidyoRoom™ Endpoint VidyoDesktop™ Endpoint VidyoRoom™ Endpoint ENCODE DECODE ENCODE VidyoRouter™

14. 14 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 VidyoRouter™ vs. MCU VidyoRouter is simply an application layer router Nearly zero-delay (~10msec), allows cascading Eliminates video quality loss due to transcoding Extremely low cost of compute power Limiting parameter is network I/O bandwidth and not number of video streams or resolution Endpoint processing of the video from different participants makes the VidyoRouter highly scalable Rate matching and personalized layout are routing decisions Similar complexity to other network appliances COMPOSE DECODE ENCODE DECODE ROUTE MCU VidyoRouter USER1 1 2 2 3 3

15. 15 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 HD at 60 fps on Every Port 9-site call (US and Europe) mixing HD Rooms and VGA desktops across the public Internet

16. 16 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Error Resilience Low Reliability Channel High Reliability Channel Significant Impact Conventional Coding Scalable Coding Minor or No Impact

17. 17 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 MCU vs. VidyoRouter™: Computation Transcoding MCU is complex, adds delay and distortion, and scales poorly Move to HD 720p to HD 1080p to HD 1600p requires “forklift” upgrade for a transcoding MCU

18. 18 MCU vs. VidyoRouter™: Network VidyoRouter operates effectively over the Internet Cascading VidyoRouters improves user experience, even in point-to-point calls

19. 19 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 SVC+VR Videoconferencing Industry – The Future 1010001,000,000 Low Definition Standard Definition High Definition 10,000 Number of End Points Resolution Quality Interactivity Cisco, HP, Polycom Tandberg, LifeSize $10K-$300K Endpoint Price-Performance, Interactivity Existing Technology All Vendors Cisco, Microsoft, Nortel, Avaya,Siemens Skype, Yahoo, AOL, Adobe, Google

20. 20 October 13, 2015 Vidyo Proprietary Confidential & Patent Pending Information VidyoConferencing™ Components

21. 21 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 VidyoConferencing™ Summary 21 Based on a new standard H.264 SVC, the first effective video codec truly designed for converged IP Networks (Internet) Much better user experience: better quality, easier to use, more natural HD becomes deployable everywhere and can reach any desktop or laptop over shared IP networks A unified video solution from telepresence to desktop An a ffordable and scalable architecture that matches the Internet model

22. 22 TNC-2008 / May 21, 2008 Vidyo™ Demo Demo to be held after the end of the session (transatlantic connection using laptop over WiFi connection) Demo accounts can be set up upon request on the Vidyo system hosted by Surfnet (http://vidyo.showcase.surfnet.nl). Contact: Eric Le Guiniec, eric@vidyo.comhttp://vidyo.showcase.surfnet.nleric@vidyo.com 22