1. NATIVISM Belief that native-born Americans are “better” than immigrants

2. Examples of Nativism 1840’s & 1850’s – Anti-Irish 1840’s & 1850’s – Anti-Irish Formation of the American “Know Nothing” party Formation of the American “Know Nothing” party Anti-Immigrant platform Anti-Immigrant platform Supported immigration restrictions Supported immigration restrictions Supported increase in time to become a citizen – from 5 to 14 years Supported increase in time to become a citizen – from 5 to 14 years Vowed never to vote for an immigrant candidate Vowed never to vote for an immigrant candidate

3. Anti-Asian Immigrants 1880’s – Anti Chinese 1880’s – Anti Chinese “Yellow Peril” swept California “Yellow Peril” swept California State laws prohibit Chinese from owning or leasing land State laws prohibit Chinese from owning or leasing land Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 No Chinese laborers to be admitted for 10 years No Chinese laborers to be admitted for 10 years Anti Japanese Anti Japanese Problems in San Francisco schools led to The Gentlemen’s Agreement US would educate Japanese within the US & Japan promised to send no more immigrants to US

4. Anti-German Sentiments during World War I Test loyalty of German-Americans Test loyalty of German-Americans Would they be more loyal to America or Germany? Would they be more loyal to America or Germany? Changed names of “German-sounding” items Changed names of “German-sounding” items Sauerkraut –”Liberty Cabbage” Sauerkraut –”Liberty Cabbage” Hamburg – “Salisbury Steak” Hamburg – “Salisbury Steak”

5. Quota System based on National Origin Limited Numbers of Immigrants Formula used to restrict the immigrants considered to be “unmeltable” in the great Melting Pot Formula used to restrict the immigrants considered to be “unmeltable” in the great Melting Pot 1921 – 3% of that nationality reported in the 1910 census 1921 – 3% of that nationality reported in the 1910 census 1924 – 2% of that nationality reported in the 1890 census 1924 – 2% of that nationality reported in the 1890 census (75% of all quotas were allotted to England, Ireland, & Germany)

6. Anti-Japanese Sentiment during World War II Following attack at Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order #9066 Following attack at Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order #9066 Japanese-Americans were relocated to internment camps for the duration of World War II Japanese-Americans were relocated to internment camps for the duration of World War II

7. Immigration Act of 1965 Major revision of immigration policy – ended national origins quotas Major revision of immigration policy – ended national origins quotas In the spirit of the Civil Rights Movement In the spirit of the Civil Rights Movement Established a priority based system for admitting immigrants Established a priority based system for admitting immigrants Family Family Skills Skills Refugees Refugees