2. Civil Rights (1954-1970s) I.Intro II.Phase I: 1954-63 A.Brown Earl Warren B.Bus Boycott Rosa Parks III.Phase II: 1963- A.Black Power B.Hispanics C.AIM D.Women Key Terms Brown Decision Thurgood Marshall Martin L. King Jr. Malcolm X Cesar Chavez George Mitchell Dennis Banks Betty Friedan Roe vs. Wade ERA

3. Focus on Civil Rights Leaders Goals Tactics to achieve goals

4. Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) Separate facilities for different races were legal as long as they were equal in quality. “Separate but equal” doctrine. Railroads in Louisiana were segregated by law

5. Jim Crow Laws State and local laws that established legalized segregation all over the United States.

6. Brown Decision (Background) Brown was prohibited from attending the school near her home because she was black. Linda Brown & Family

7. Brown Decision (Two important “players”) NAACP Attorney who argued the case Thurgood Marshall Earl Warren Chief Justice of Supreme Court

8. Brown Decision: Civil Rights Success (1954) The Decision: The doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place in education. Segregation in schools was prohibited.

9. Bus Boycott (Montgomery, AL, 1955-56) Rosa Parks (1913-2005)

10. Rosa Parks’ Bus

11. Bus Boycott (Montgomery, AL, 1955-56) Goal: Complete integration of blacks into US society Tactic: Non-violent protest Martin L. King (1928-1968)

12. Sit-in Movement Greensboro, NC: Woolworth lunch counter (1960) Sit-in Jackson, MS 1963 Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

13. Non-Violent Protest (Birmingham, AL, 1963) Staging a “pray-in” Fire-hoses were used against protestors

14. Black Power Goals: Complete separation of whites & blacks Urged blacks to be proud of African heritage Tactic: Any means necessary Later: moved toward integration but was assassinated Malcolm X (1925-1965)

15. Hispanics Goal: Provide economic opportunity to Hispanics Tactics (nonviolent): Create a union Urge consumers to boycott products until working conditions improved Cesar Chavez (1927-1993)

16. Native Americans Dennis Banks & George Mitchell co-founded AIM Goals: Publicize problems facing Native Americans Reawaken interest in Indian culture/heritage Tactic: Use court system to reassert treaty rights Dennis Banks (1937?- )

17. Women’s Rights Goal: Independence & equality for women Tactics: Formed NOW Influence government to legislate more equality Betty Friedan (1921- 2006)

18. Women’s Rights 1.Equal Rights Amendment Would prohibit discrimination based on sex. It was never ratified by enough states. 2.Roe vs. Wade (1973)

19. Civil Rights (1954-1970s) I.Intro II.Phase I: 1954-63 A.Brown Earl Warren B.Bus Boycott Rosa Parks III.Phase II: 1963- A.Black Power B.Hispanics C.AIM D.Women Key Terms Brown Decision Thurgood Marshall Martin L. King Jr. Malcolm X Cesar Chavez George Mitchell Dennis Banks Betty Friedan Roe vs. Wade ERA