1. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 1 ILC Positrons J. C. Sheppard SLAC July 26, 2007 Positron Production for the ILC

2. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 2 Positron Production for the ILC What is the ILC e+ System How to make e+ Something about polarization Who works on this stuff What are the design issues What next

3. Americas July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 3 THE INTERNATIONAL LINEAR COLLIDER (ILC) Parameter Reference Upgrade Beam Energy (GeV)250 500 Beam Energy (GeV)250 500 RF gradient (MV/m)28 35 RF gradient (MV/m)28 35 Two-Linac length (km)27.00 42.54 Two-Linac length (km)27.00 42.54 Bunches/pulse 2625 2625 Bunches/pulse 2625 2625 Particles/bunch (10 10 )2 2 Particles/bunch (10 10 )2 2 Beam pulse length (µs )968 968 Beam pulse length (µs )968 968 Pulse/s (Hz)5 5 Pulse/s (Hz)5 5  x (IP) (nm)543 489  x (IP) (nm)543 489  y (IP) (nm)5.7 4.0  y (IP) (nm)5.7 4.0  z (IP) (mm)0.3 0.3  z (IP) (mm)0.3 0.3 δ E (%)3.0 5.9 δ E (%)3.0 5.9 Luminosity (10 33 cm −2 s −1 )25.638.1 Average beam power (MW) 22.6 45.2 Average beam power (MW) 22.6 45.2 Total number of klystrons 603 1211 Total number of klystrons 603 1211 Total number of cavities 18096 29064 Total number of cavities 18096 29064 AC to beam efficiency (%)20.8 17.5 AC to beam efficiency (%)20.8 17.5 Parameter Reference Upgrade Beam Energy (GeV)250 500 Beam Energy (GeV)250 500 RF gradient (MV/m)28 35 RF gradient (MV/m)28 35 Two-Linac length (km)27.00 42.54 Two-Linac length (km)27.00 42.54 Bunches/pulse 2625 2625 Bunches/pulse 2625 2625 Particles/bunch (10 10 )2 2 Particles/bunch (10 10 )2 2 Beam pulse length (µs )968 968 Beam pulse length (µs )968 968 Pulse/s (Hz)5 5 Pulse/s (Hz)5 5  x (IP) (nm)543 489  x (IP) (nm)543 489  y (IP) (nm)5.7 4.0  y (IP) (nm)5.7 4.0  z (IP) (mm)0.3 0.3  z (IP) (mm)0.3 0.3 δ E (%)3.0 5.9 δ E (%)3.0 5.9 Luminosity (10 33 cm −2 s −1 )25.638.1 Average beam power (MW) 22.6 45.2 Average beam power (MW) 22.6 45.2 Total number of klystrons 603 1211 Total number of klystrons 603 1211 Total number of cavities 18096 29064 Total number of cavities 18096 29064 AC to beam efficiency (%)20.8 17.5 AC to beam efficiency (%)20.8 17.5 WORLD Collaboration Multi-billion dollar project Proposed e + e – linear collider 0.5-1.0 TeV center-of-mass energies Major elements Electron injector Electron damping ring Main electron linac Electron beam delivery to IR Positron Source Positron damping ring(s) Main positron linac Positron beam delivery to IR IR Detectors at IR

4. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 4 ILC Positron Source Parameters ParameterSymbolValueUnits Bunch PopulationNbNb 2x10 10 # Bunches per pulsenbnb 2625# Bunch spacingtbtb 369ns Pulse repetition ratef rep 5Hz Injection Energy (DR)E0E0 5GeV Beam Power (x1.5)PoPo 300kW Polarization e-(e+)P80(30)%

5. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 5 POSITRON SOURCE DESIGN ISSUES Drive beam Electrons or photons Photons allow for the possibility of polarized positrons How are the photons made Multi-hundred GeV electron beam through an undulator Compton back-scattering laser beam on a multi-GeV electron beam Drive beam phase space Target Choice of material Target heat/shock/stress Positron capture Beam heating Capture RF Capture magnetic field Damping ring acceptance Target vault Drive beam Electrons or photons Photons allow for the possibility of polarized positrons How are the photons made Multi-hundred GeV electron beam through an undulator Compton back-scattering laser beam on a multi-GeV electron beam Drive beam phase space Target Choice of material Target heat/shock/stress Positron capture Beam heating Capture RF Capture magnetic field Damping ring acceptance Target vault

6. Americas July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 6 ILC Layout e + & e - Damping Rings centrally located positron source uses 150 GeV electron beam L-band superconducting RF for acceleration e + & e - Damping Rings centrally located positron source uses 150 GeV electron beam L-band superconducting RF for acceleration

7. Americas July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 7

8. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 8 POSITRON PRODUCTION SCHEMES – DRIVE BEAMS EM Shower e + to damping rings Conventional Undulator-based (from USLCTOS) W-Re Target 6 GeV e -

9. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 9 COMPTON-BASED POSITRON SOURCE – LASERS GLC laser power :9.8 MW peak power per laser bunch ~ 400 kW average power (40kW with use of mirrors) ~ 73 GW peak power ILC bunch structure2820 * 5 ~= 95 * 150 but 2820 bunch pulse trains may be able to use mirrors to relax laser parameters

10. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 10 Snowmass 2005 Ring based Compton

11. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 11 ERL based Compton scheme & requirements to lasers PosiPol2007@LAL 23/May/2007 Tsunehiko OMORI (KEK) my talk is inspired by Variola-san's talk at KEK Nov/2006 and Rainer-san's suggestion at SLAC Apr/2004

12. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 12 UNDULATOR BASED POSITRON SOURCE Need to use ILC electron beam – possible reliability, machine development and commissioning issues Can use electron source for commissioning Long helical undulator, small aperture permanent magnet warm pulsed superconducting

13. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 13 Positron Source Layout

14. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 14 Polarized Positrons from Polarized  ’s (Olsen & Maximon, 1959) Circular polarization of photon transfers to the longitudinal polarization of the positron. Positron polarization varies with the energy transferred to the positron.

15. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 15 Photon Intensity, Angular Dist., Number, Polarization

16. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 16 Polarized Positron Production in the FFTB Polarized photons pair produce polarized positrons in a 0.5 r.l. thick target of Ti-alloy with a yield of about 0.5%. Longitudinal polarization of the positrons is 54%, averaged over the full spectrum Note: for 0.5 r.l. W converter, the yield is about 1% and the average polarization is 51%.

17. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 17 Photon Number Spectrum Number of photons per e- per 1m undulator: Old BCD: 2.578 UK1: 1.946; UK2: 1.556; UK3: 1.107 Cornell1: 0.521; Cornell2: 1.2; Cornell3: 0.386 Gai and Liu, ANL

18. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 18 Photon Spectrum and Polarization of ILC baseline undulator Results of photon number spectrum and polarization characteristic of ILC undulator are given here as examples. The parameter of ILC undulator is K=1, u=1cm and the energy of electron beam is 150GeV. Figure1. Photon Number spectrum and polarization characteristics of ILC undulator up to the 9 th harmonic. Only those have energy closed to critical energy of its corresponding harmonics have higher polarization Gai and Liu, ANL

19. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 19 Initial Polarization of Positron beam at Target exit(K=0.92 u=1.15) Gai and Liu, ANL

20. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 20 Gai and Liu, ANL ILC Positron Polarization,captured ~ 30% Pol

21. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 21 ILC Positron Polarization In the case of the ILC baseline, the composite polarization of the captured positrons is about 30%. Spin rotation to preserve the polarization in the damping ring(s) is included To upgrade to higher polarization, the incident photon beam is collimated to remove the low energy, reversely polarized component of the spectrum (  = 1.414). The length of the undulator needs to be increased to compensate for the loss in absolute flux.

22. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 22 US Institutions Institutions doing substantial work on ILC e+ development –SLAC overall coordination & leadership for the RDR define parameters target hall, remote handling, activation beamline optics and tracking NC L-Band accelerator structures and RF systems Experiments – E166, FLUKA validation experiment –LLNL target simulations (thermal hydraulics and stress, rotordynamics, materials) target design (testing and prototyping) pulsed OMD design –ANL optics tracking OMD studies eddy current calculations –Cornell undulator design, alternative target concepts

23. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 23 European Institutions Institutions doing substantial work on ILC e+ development –Daresbury Laboratory EDR leadership undulator design and prototyping beam degradation calculations –Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory remote handling eddy current calculations target hall activation –Cockcroft and Liverpool University target design and prototyping –DESY-Berlin target hall activation spin preservation photon collimation E166

24. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 24 ILC e+ Collaboration Meeting

25. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 25 ILC Polarized Positron System Technical Issues 1. Demonstrate undulator parameters 2. Demonstrate NC SW structure hi power rf performance 3. Spinning target pre-prototype demonstration 3. Eddy current measurements on spinning target 4. Selection and Technical design of Optical Matching Device 5. System engineering for e+ source remote handling 6. System engineering for photon dump 7. System design compatibility with ILC upgrade scenarios: polarization and energy

26. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 26 ILC Positron EDR Milestones Sep 07: Full layout with /4 XMFR OMD Dec 07: EDR Scope definition: design depth and breadth, cost, schedule, staff Jun 08: Full upgrade scenario: polarization and ILC energy Sep 08: OMD selection (dc immersed, pulsed FC, /4 XMFR), Und parameter selection Dec 08: Freeze layout, full component and civil specifications (yield, overhead, remote handling, upgrades) Jan 09: EDR detailed component inventory May 09: First cost review Dec 09: Deliver EDR and preconstruction work plan

27. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 27 ILC Positron Design Issues, Undulator N e+ =  c Y  L u n  N e-  c (A dr,  E dr,A c,  e+ ) ~ 15%-25% Y  (E , X 0,  ) ~ 1%-5% n  (K, u ) ~ 2 L u ~ 100 m

28. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 28 ILC Positron Design Issues, Target FOM =[  E/2(1- )/C v /  ]/UTS(fatigued) Thermoelastic stress wrt material strength Targets break rather than melt  E/mass < 100 J/g High strength Ti-alloy (Ti6%Al4%V)

29. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 29 ILC Positron Design Issues, Target Need to spread out the energy deposition This is done by spinning the target at 100 m/s Same problem with windows but do not know how to spin Can imagine an entrance window Exit window will not survive

30. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC 30 ILC RDR Baseline Positron Source RDR Parameters  Centre of undulator to target: 500m  Active (K=0.92, period=1.21mm) undulator: 147m  Photon beam power: 131kW  Beam spot: >1.7 mm rms

31. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC 31 Baseline Target Design Wheel rim speed (100m/s) fixed by thermal load (~8% of photon beam power) Rotation reduces pulse energy density from ~900J/g to ~24J/g Cooled by internal water-cooling channel Wheel diameter (~1m) fixed by radiation damage and capture optics Materials fixed by thermal and mechanical properties and pair-production cross- section (Ti6%Al4%V) Wheel geometry (~30mm radial width) constrained by eddy currents. 20cm between target and rf cavity. T. Piggott, LLNL Drive motor and water union are mounted on opposite ends of through-shaft.

32. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 32 Target Progress Baseline target/capture –RAL, ANL and Cornell have done Eddy current simulation which produce consistent results with multiple codes. Estimates for power dissipation in the target are >100kW for a constant field and are considered excessive. –Evaluation of ceramic target material is on-going. No conclusions. –Radiation damage of the superconducting coil is still TBD but may not be worthwhile unless a solution can be found for the eddy currents. –ANL simulation of beam heating in windows shows that an upstream window is feasible but a downstream window is not. Alternative target/capture –Capture efficiency for the lithium lens focusing and ¼ wave solenoid is still TBD –Thermal heating and stress for the lithium lens is still on-going. –Thermal stress calculation for the liquid metal target is still on-going

33. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 33 Capture versus Optical Matching Device Type From F. Zhou, W. Liu Positron Capture (arb. units) No OMD ¼ xfrm Pulsed FCImmersed 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

34. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 34 Optical Matching Device (OMD) Optical Matching Device –factor of 2 in positron yield (3 if immersed target) –DC solenoid before target or pulsed flux concentrator after target –Pulsed device is the baseline design Target spins in the magnetic field of the OMD –Eddy currents in the target – need to calculate power –Magnetic field is modified by the eddy currents – effect on yield?? Eddy current mitigation –Reduce amount of spinning metal –Do experiment to validate eddy current calculations –Look for low electrical / high thermal conductivity Ti-alloys –Other materials such as ceramics –No OMD Use focusing solenoidal lens (1/4 wave) – lower fields OMD is upgrade to polarization(??)

35. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 35 Eddy Current Experiment Eddy current calculation mesh - S. Antipov, W. Liu, W. Gai - ANL Proposed experiment Layout at Cockcroft Institute/Daresbury (this summer)

36. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 36 Calculated Eddy Current Power Nominal RPMs  TiAlV = 6e5

37. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 37 Pulsed Flux Concentrator: 7T, 1 ms, 5 Hz Pulsed Flux Concentrator, circa 1965: Brechna et al.

38. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 38 OMD Progress Plans and Actions (baseline target/capture): –ANL will simulate eddy currents in the pulsed magnet configuration. –UK will evaluate suitability of non-conducting materials for the target –Daresbury/Cockroft/RAL will spin a one meter target wheel in a constant magnetic field and will measure the forces. Eddy simulations will be calculated and benchmarked against this configuration Plans and Actions (alternative targets/capture): –ANL will determine the capture efficiency for ¼ wave focusing optics and lithium lens. –LLNL will evaluate the survivability of lithium lens to beam stress –Cornell will specify an initial design of a liquid metal target. LLNL will calculate the Stress-strain behavior of the outgoing beam window.

39. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 39 Undulator Challenges High fields  Pushing the limits of technology Short Periods  Shorter periods imply higher fields Narrow apertures  Very tight tolerances - Alignment critical Cold bore (4K surface)  Cannot tolerate more than few W of heating per module Minimising impact on electron beam  Must not degrade electron beam properties but have to remove energy from electrons Creating a vacuum  Impossible to use conventional pumps, need other solution Minimising cost  Minimise total length, value engineering High fields  Pushing the limits of technology Short Periods  Shorter periods imply higher fields Narrow apertures  Very tight tolerances - Alignment critical Cold bore (4K surface)  Cannot tolerate more than few W of heating per module Minimising impact on electron beam  Must not degrade electron beam properties but have to remove energy from electrons Creating a vacuum  Impossible to use conventional pumps, need other solution Minimising cost  Minimise total length, value engineering

40. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 40 UK Undulator Recent Highlights Two 12mm period SC undulator prototypes built and tested  Period reduced to 12mm from 14mm  Better, more reproducible, fabrication technique  Full inclusion of iron for the first time One 11.5mm period SC undulator built and tested  Period further reduced to RDR value of 11.5mm  New SC wire used (more SC and less Cu)  Field strength measured greater than expected, possibly due to increase in SC content of wire  Best ever field quality results (well within spec)  Full length prototype will use these parameters Full length prototype construction started  4m prototype design complete  Fabrication has commenced Undulator impact studies ongoing  Emittance growth due to misalignments & wakefields shown to be <2% Paper on undulator technology choice published by Phys. Rev. ST-AB Paper on vacuum issues submitted to JVSTA Two 12mm period SC undulator prototypes built and tested  Period reduced to 12mm from 14mm  Better, more reproducible, fabrication technique  Full inclusion of iron for the first time One 11.5mm period SC undulator built and tested  Period further reduced to RDR value of 11.5mm  New SC wire used (more SC and less Cu)  Field strength measured greater than expected, possibly due to increase in SC content of wire  Best ever field quality results (well within spec)  Full length prototype will use these parameters Full length prototype construction started  4m prototype design complete  Fabrication has commenced Undulator impact studies ongoing  Emittance growth due to misalignments & wakefields shown to be <2% Paper on undulator technology choice published by Phys. Rev. ST-AB Paper on vacuum issues submitted to JVSTA

41. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 41 UK Prototypes IIIIIIIVV Former materialAl Iron Period, mm14 12 11.5 Groove shaperectangulartrapezoidal rectangular Winding bore, mm 666.35 Vac bore, mm4444.5 (St Steel tube) 5.23* (Cu tube) Winding8-wire ribbon, 8 layers 9-wire ribbon, 8 layers 7-wire ribbon, 8 layers 7-wire ribbon, 8 layers 7-wire ribbon, 8 layers Sc wireCu:Sc 1.35:1 Cu:Sc 0.9:1 StatusCompleted and tested Completed, tested and sectioned Completed and tested

42. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 42 Prototype 5 Same parameters as RDR Baseline undulator 11.5 mm period 6.35 mm winding diameter Peak on-axis field spec of 0.86T (10 MeV photons) Winding directly onto copper tube with iron pole and yoke New wire with more aggressive Cu:SC ratio of 0.9:1.0 Same parameters as RDR Baseline undulator 11.5 mm period 6.35 mm winding diameter Peak on-axis field spec of 0.86T (10 MeV photons) Winding directly onto copper tube with iron pole and yoke New wire with more aggressive Cu:SC ratio of 0.9:1.0 First 500mm long prototype

43. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 43 1 st results from prototype 5 at RAL Prototype 5 details Period : 11.5 mm Magnetic bore: 6.35 mm Configuration: Iron poles and yoke Measured field at 200A 0.822 T +/- 0.7 % (spec is +/- 1%) Measurements for Prototype 5 Quench current 316A Equates to a field of 1.1 T in bore RDR value is 0.86 T 80% of critical current (proposed operating point) would be 0.95 T

44. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 44 Summary of Prototype Results Aluminium former Fe former Fe former & yoke Prototype 5 @ 250A @ 200A

45. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 45 Specification for 4m Undulator Module On axis field0.86 T Peak to peak variation<1% Period11.5 mm Nominal Current~250 A Nom current as % of Short Sample80% SC wireNbTi 0.4mm dia., SC:Cu ratio 0.9:1 Winding Cross Section7 wires wide x 8 high Number of magnets per module2 (powered separately for tests) Length of magnetic field2 x 1.74 m No Beam Collimators or Beam Pipe Vacuum pumping ports in the magnet beam pipe

46. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 46 4m Prototype Module Stainless steel vacuum vessel with Central turret 50K Al Alloy Thermal shield. Supported from He bath Stainless Steel He bath filled with liquid Helium. Magnet support provided by a stiff U Beam U beam Support rod Superconducting Magnet cooled to 4.2K Beam Tube Construction has started, will be complete by Autumn 07

47. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC CCLRC Slide 47 Magnet Design Concept 2 start helical groove machined in steel former Cu beam pipe, with conductor wound on to tube OD Steel Yoke. Provides 10% increase in field and mechanical support for former PC board for S/C ribbon connections Winding pins Steel yoke

48. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 48 STATUS OF CORNELL UNDULATOR PROTOTYPING Alexander Mikhailichenko, Maury Tigner Cornell University, LEPP, Ithaca, NY 14853 A superconducting, helical undulator based source has been selected as the baseline design for the ILC. This report outlines progress towards design, modeling and testing elements of the needed undulator. A magnetic length of approximately 150 m is needed to produce the desired positron beam. This could be composed of about 50 modules of 4 m overall length each. This project is dedicated to the design and eventual fabrication of one full scale, 4 m long undulator module. The concept builds on a copper vacuum chamber of 8 mm internal bore

49. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 49 Fig.1;Extensible prototype concept for ILC positron undulator. Diameter of cryostat =102mm

50. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 50 Several 40 cm long undulator models with 10 and 12 mm period, Ø 8 mm clear bore have been made and measured. See Table OFC vacuum chamber, RF smoothness For aperture diameter 5.75 mm we expect: for period 8mm – K~0.4 ; for period 10mm -K~0.9 SC wire54 filaments56 filaments # layers5* 6* 9** (12***) +sectioning λ=10 mmK=0.36 testedK=0.42 tested K≈0.5 (calculated) λ=12 mmK=0.72 testedK=0.83 testedK≈1 (calculated) *) Wire – Ø0.6 mm bare; **) Wire – Ø0.4 mm bare; ***) Wire – Ø0.3 mm bare Fig.3: Field profile – conical ends. 6 layer, 12 mm period – orthogonal hall probes. 1Tesla full scale

51. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 51 Progress to Date An overall concept design for the module as shown in Fig. 1 has been developed. The design is very compact, having an outside cryostat diameter of 100 mm. Standard size plumbing components are used throughout. Figure 1 shows the cross section design for tapered end coils. We have made optimization studies for undulators having 10 and 12 mm period with 8 mm clear bore and wound with various commercially available wires. Technology for fabrication of the undulator has been reduced to practice including winding of the wire and the helical iron yoke as well as procedures and apparatus for measuring the field distribution at the operating temperature. Several 40 cm long undulator models with 10 and 12 mm period, 8 mm clear bore have been made and measured.

52. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 52 Capture versus initial rf gradient Initial rf gradient (MV/m) Positron Capture (arb. units) Batygin slac-pub-11238

53. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 53 Prototype Positron Capture Section

54. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 54 Preliminary Microwave Checking 1300.175 MHz at 20°C, N 2 1300.125 MHz at 20°C, N 2 Field Plots for Bead Pulling Two Different Frequencies Showing the Correct Cell Frequency and Tuning Property. Measurement Setup for the Stacked Structure before Brazing without Tuning

55. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 55 Brazed Coupler and Body Subassemblies - Ready for Final Brazing

56. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 56 Summary Page for the Capture RF Juwen Wang Vacuum Leak Check Recheck the RF Properties Installation: Support; Cooling system; Waveguide system; Window; Vacuum system; Solenoid; Monitoring System. High Power Test (5MW, 1.2 ms,5 Hz) Beam Acceleration Test

57. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 57 Optics Source optics laid out. Need to look at details –Beam loss and collimation –Component interferences (target halls, DR injection) –Refine and document optics and beam physics

58. EPAC June 2003 58 E-166 Experiment E-166 is a demonstration of undulator-based polarized positron production for linear colliders - E-166 uses the 50 GeV SLAC beam in conjunction with 1 m-long, helical undulator to make polarized photons in the FFTB. - These photons are converted in a ~0.5 rad. len. thick target into polarized positrons (and electrons). - The polarization of the positrons and photons will be measured.

59. EPAC June 2003 59 Undulator-Based Production of Polarized Positrons E-166 Collaboration (45 Collaborators)

60. EPAC June 2003 60 Undulator-Based Production of Polarized Positrons E-166 Collaborating Institutions (15 Institutions)

61. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 61

62. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 62

63. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 63 FLUKA Validation Experiment

64. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 64 FLUKA Validation Experiment SLAC/CERN Collaboration (RP groups) –Validation of FLUKA activation calculations 100 W 30 GeV electron beam in ESA at SLAC Cylindrical copper dump Samples around the dump (including a Ti-4V- 6Al) Look mr/hour and gamma spectrum from irradiated samples –Run at the beginning of April …

65. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 65 Experiment Setup

66. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 66 Preliminary Data: Ti and Ti-alloy

67. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 67 Target Hall / Remote Handling Projected ILC running mode –9 month run + 3 month shutdowns Target stations designed with 2 year lifetime –Replace target station every shutdown –If target fails then EITHER a “hot” spare OR fast replacement Radiation levels ~ 100 rem/hour immediately after beam shutoff –Remote handling needed Target hall deep underground –Vertical target extraction/replacement Vinod used to work in the FNAL antiproton source!!

68. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 68 ILC Target Hall Cartoon (single target)

69. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 69 Target Remote Handling Estimated 53 hour replacement time

70. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC 70 M. Woodward, RAL Cryocooler (if required) + vacuum pump + water pump Details of vertical drive for target wheel not yet considered. Remote-Handling Module and Plug Module contains target, capture optics and first accelerating cavity.

71. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 71 TRIUMF – ISAC FACILITY

72. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 72 Visit to ORNL

73. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 73 Visit to ORNL

74. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 74 Visit to ORNL

75. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 75 Visit to ORNL The remote handling systems for the SNS target is estimated to have cost about $100M Off the cuff estimate to work up ILC e+ Remote Handling Systems for the EDR would be about 4-5 FTE spread out over 3 years

76. Americas July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Slide 76 ILC Status Reference Design Report (RDR) completed Design feasibility Alternative technologies (cost saving, risk reduction..) R&D priorities 4-volume report, Executive Summary, Physics Case, Accelerator, Detectors ~ 700 pages produced Printed version in August Now setting up Engineering Design Phase (EDR) Define EDR, (nn% design complete?) Choose final design technologies Setup structure to get it done (regional balance to optimize use of resources) Three year timescale Reference Design Report (RDR) completed Design feasibility Alternative technologies (cost saving, risk reduction..) R&D priorities 4-volume report, Executive Summary, Physics Case, Accelerator, Detectors ~ 700 pages produced Printed version in August Now setting up Engineering Design Phase (EDR) Define EDR, (nn% design complete?) Choose final design technologies Setup structure to get it done (regional balance to optimize use of resources) Three year timescale

77. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 77 What do we want RDR to EDR phase –ILC “management” is trying to match ILC tasks to world wide ILC resources –ILC positron source EDR leadership may well migrate to Europe –Strong US input is still needed to finish EDR Design of all aspects of the ILC e+ Sub-systems needs help –Need people to consult with –Need collaborators to help with design –Need collaborators to take the lead in the design –Need collaborators to do the design

78. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 78 Polarized Electron Source (A. Brachmann, SLAC)

79. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 79 Select Positron References, 1 ILC RDR Positron Chapter: http://media.linearcollider.org/report-apr03-part1.pdfhttp://media.linearcollider.org/report-apr03-part1.pdf sec. 2.3, pg. 45 ff ILC Positron Source Collaboration Meetings 1 st meeting at RAL September, 2006: http://www.te.rl.ac.uk/ILC_Positron_Source_Meeting/ILCMeeting.htmlhttp://www.te.rl.ac.uk/ILC_Positron_Source_Meeting/ILCMeeting.html 2nd meeting at IHEP, Beijing January, 2007 : http://hirune.kek.jp/mk/ilc/positron/IHEP/http://hirune.kek.jp/mk/ilc/positron/IHEP/ ILC Notes 1. ILC Target Prototype Simulation by Means of FEM Antipov, S; Liu, W; Gai, W [ILC-NOTE-2007-011] http://ilcdoc.linearcollider.org/record/6949http://ilcdoc.linearcollider.org/record/6949 2. On the Effect of Eddy Current Induced Field, Liu, W ; Antipov, S; Gai, W [ILC-NOTE-2007-010] http://ilcdoc.linearcollider.org/record/6948http://ilcdoc.linearcollider.org/record/6948 3. The Undulator Based ILC Positron Source: Production and Capturing Simulation Study – Update, Liu, W ; Gai, W [ILC-NOTE-2007-009] http://ilcdoc.linearcollider.org/record/6947http://ilcdoc.linearcollider.org/record/6947 Other Notes 1. F.Zhou,Y.Batygin,Y.Nosochkov,J.C.Sheppard,and M.D.Woodley,"Start-to-end beam optics development and multi-particle tracking for the ILC undulator-based positron source", slac-pub-12239, Jan 2007. http://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/getdoc/slac-pub-12239.pdf http://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/getdoc/slac-pub-12239.pdf 2. F.Zhou,Y.Batygin,A.Brachmann,J.Clendenin,R.H.Miller,J.C.Sheppard,and M.D.Woodley,"Start-to-end transport design and multi-particle tracking for the ILC electron source", slac-pub-12240, Jan 2007. http://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/getdoc/slac-pub-12240.pdf http://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/getdoc/slac-pub-12240.pdf 3. A.Mikhailichenko, " Liquid metal target for ILC*."*. Jun 2006. 3pp. Prepared for European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 06), Edinburgh, Scotland, 26-30 Jun 2006. Published in *Edinburgh 2006, EPAC* 816-818

80. July 26, 2007 Toward the ILC Americas Slide 80 Select Positron References, 2 Other Notes, cont’d 4. A.A. Mikhailichenko, "Test of SC undulator for ILC.",Jun 2006. 3pp. Prepared for European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 06), Edinburgh, Scotland, 26-30 Jun 2006.http://www- spires.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/wwwhepau/wwwscan?rawcmd=fin+%22Mikhailichenko%2C %20A%2EA%2E%22 Published in *Edinburgh 2006, EPAC* 813-815. 5. A.Mikhailichenko, "Issues for the rotating target", CBN-07-02, 2007, http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CBN/2007/CBN07-2/CBN07-2.pdf http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CBN/2007/CBN07-2/CBN07-2.pdf 6. A.Mikhailichenko, "Positron Source for ILC:A perspective", CBN-06-06, 2006, http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CBN/2006/CBN06-1/CBN06-1.pdf http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CBN/2006/CBN06-1/CBN06-1.pdf 7. Preliminary Investigations of Eddy Current Effects on a Spinning Disk, W.T. Piggott, S. Walston, and D. Mayhall. UCRL-TR-224467, Sep. 8, 2006 8. Positron Source Target Update, W.T. Piggott, UCRL-PRES-227298, Jan. 16, 2007. 9. Computer Calculations of Eddy-Current Power Loss in Rotating Titanium Wheels and Rims in Localized Axial Magnetic Fields. D.J. Mayhall, W. Stein, and J. Gronberg, UCRL-TR-221440, May 17, 2006 10. A Preliminary Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis of a Flux Concentrator, D.J. Mayhall, UCRL-TR-221994, June 13, 2006 Also see Posipol 2007 and Posipol 2006: http://events.lal.in2p3.fr/conferences/Posipol07/ http://posipol2006.web.cern.ch/Posipol2006/