1. USA Perspectives & Success Stories: TTO-Science Park-Incubator Dr. Brad Zehner PBICA Conference Gliwice, Poland 19-21 May 2011

2. Agenda Historical PerspectiveTechnology Transfer OfficeScience ParkBusiness IncubatorObservations

3. Recognition of & IP Patent Protection 1776 - Revolution 1783 – US Government 1776-1783 April – Patent Act – “to promote the useful arts” July – Patent #1 - potash 1790 Recognized IP Patent #72 – Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin Improved productivity 50X Licensed to users for 40% profits Failed financially 1794 First Patent Significant Commercial Value

4. Creation of Research Universities Created public land grant universities “to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanics arts...to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes” 1862 Morrill Act MIT -1865-George Eastman – Eastman Kodak Cornell – Ezra Cornell- Western Union Telegraph University of California, Berkeley – 1868- George & Phoebe Hurst Johns Hopkins – 1876 - John Hopkins – B & O Railroad Stanford – 1891 - Leland Stanford – Union Pacific Railroad / Wells Fargo Bank Catalyzed founding of today’s US research universities Science & technology Strong relationship with business & commerce University Focus

5. Commercialization Begins Dr. Frederick G. Cottrell - UC Berkeley chemistry professor Invented electrostatic precipitator – Patent #895,729 Funded Robert Goddard rocketry experiments & Ernest Lawrence cyclotron 1912 – The Research Corporation University of Wisconsin Alumni Research foundation 1924 – First Technology Transfer Office Manhattan project NASA – Moon Shot 1940 -1970 – US Government Funds Research

6. Commercialization Accelerates Stanford Industrial Park Foundation for Silicon Valley 1951 - First Science Park Upstate New York 1959 – First Business Incubator Gave universities intellectual property rights to government funded R&D 1989 - Bayh Dole Act

7. TTO Licensing

8. The “famous Silicon Valley garage” Google started in Susan’s Wojcicki’s rented garage. Today, she is one of Google’s 12 senior vice presidents. Susan’s sister, Anne Wojcicki, is married to Sergey Brin, Google’s cofounder.

9. Successful Licensing Patent: #6,285,999 Inventor: Lawrence Page Owner: Stanford Stanford Licensed Google – Exclusive term – 2001 to 2011 – Non exclusive term – 2012 to 2017 – Applied: 1998 - $25K / €17.5K – Granted: 2001 - $25K / €17.5K – Google enforces patent – Product liability insurance – Terms – royalty & stock Stanford Received: – ~$337 million USD / €235 million – TTO - 15% – Inventor – 33% – Computer Science Department – 33% – University – 33% Revenue:~$32 billion USD / €22.3 billion Net income:~$9 billion USD / €6.3 billion Cash:~$37 billion USD / €22.3 billion Market value:~$172 billion USD / €120 billion Employees:~26,000 Stanford grads: ~6,000

10. Research Triangle Park

11. Successful Science Park Founded 1959 Duke University North Carolina State University University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill Academic & industry – IBM, Cisco, Credit Suisse Land: 2832 hectares Buildings: 2.09 m 2 Government incentives 87% success rate 170 companies 38,000 employees +2.6 jobs per RTP employee North Carolina Developing: – Centennial Campus – Gateway University Research Park – Charlotte Research Institute – Piedmont Triad Research Park

12. Austin Technology Incubator

13. Successful Business Incubator 1989 founded Dr. George Kozmetsky Non profit - University of Texas at Austin Funded by: – City of Austin – Austin Energy – State of Texas Focus: – Clean Energy – Wireless – IT – Biosciences Applicants screened: – 5% admitted – 1 to 5% equity Since founding: – 200 companies incubated – $750 million / €523 million investments – 4 IPOs Last 3 years – 50 companies – $70 million / €48 million – $300 million / €209 million investments – 75% funding success 100 + student interns annually TechBA – 30 Mexican companies

14. Observations IP Protection is part of USA’s DNACultural respect for “practical knowledge”Excellent research universitiesStrong ties between academics and business Success: Clarity of purpose + Firm financial foundation + Entrepreneurial ecosystem + Time to succeed

15. Questions Thank you!Questions?