1. Avian Influenza Tanzania Yongolo MGS, Swai E, Chuwa JKM, Malick A. Ministry of Livestock, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar

2. Tanzania Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania Avian Influenza has not been reported in Tanzania Presence of other diseases Masking Influenza Newcastle Disease Malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS BUT Yes at Risk WHY and HOW???????

3. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania Location with three wild birds fly way Water bodies Migratory birds routes These 5 million dead trees support > 2,000 Fish Eagles Palaearctic flyways E a st Coast

4. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania Lake Victoria 130 species LAKE MANYARA 137 species NYUMBA YA MUNGU 107 species Three major Flyways in Tanzania and the 5 initial sampling sites Coastal 147 spps

5. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania Human livestock interaction – –Poultry, Swine, Ducks and W/Birds – –Live birds markets – –FRC management – –Importation of DOC and Poultry meat and Products – –Absence of detection infrastructure and mechanism – –Human activities? – –Poor regulations

6. Poultry Producers Dealers / Middleman Markets Consumer Dealers / Customer The Live Bird Market Model What if he’s infected with AI?

7. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania Report indicators Tanzania – H2N2 (1957); H3N2 (1968); influenza outbreaks in Rufiji Delta 1992 Serological positives (Masurel 1987) Mwanza 200 babies and 205 mothers H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 Similar to Netherlands) Rufiji delta Children under 9 (Rooth and Bjorkman 1992)

8. Capacity Human resources/Diagnosis Human resources/Diagnosis –Limited number of specialized vets and medic on Avian Influenza specifically Virologists 1 ADRI (14 Vets, 5PhD (2 viro, 1 Path, 1 Bact, 1 Para; Msc, 4 Bsc 5) 1 ADRI (14 Vets, 5PhD (2 viro, 1 Path, 1 Bact, 1 Para; Msc, 4 Bsc 5) 6 VIC (21 Vets, 1 PhD, Msc 11. Bsc 9) 650 Vets at DVS and 25 regions also in 130 districts vets`and > 1000 medic personnel, 6 VIC (21 Vets, 1 PhD, Msc 11. Bsc 9) 650 Vets at DVS and 25 regions also in 130 districts vets`and > 1000 medic personnel, Veterinary and human diagnostic capacity Veterinary and human diagnostic capacity –Laboratory space is adequate –Diagnostic facilities and capacity not adequate Structure Structure –DVS/DPrevMed, DRT, 4 Referral Hosp. 25 Regional and 130 District Vet/human services in place Private veterinary and human medical services, TAWIRI, TANAPA, UNIVERSITIES, NIMR –All linked, e-mail, basic transport, radio calls (Human), telephones –But little financial, few equipments, supplies and consumables to face Influenza Pandemic

9. Capacity cont. In place Serology tests (HI, ELISA) In place Serology tests (HI, ELISA) Egg inoculation Egg inoculation Basic screening for other diseases in all district and regional hospitals Basic screening for other diseases in all district and regional hospitals Minimum cold chain facilities Minimum cold chain facilities

10. Preparedness plan Pre outbreak Pre outbreak –Multi-sectoral Task Technical and Task Force Preparedness plan in place Preparedness plan in place Mobilize local and international resources Mobilize local and international resources –Mass sensitization –Surveillance and Early reporting –Capacity building for detection –Institute controlled importation of poultry/Products –Stock piling of drugs and vaccines against AI During Outbreak During Outbreak –Control outbreak at source –Stamping out infected poultry with compensation –Quarantine infected areas –Intensify active surveillance and reporting –Patient hospital management –Vaccinate humans and if wide spread poultry

11. END Prevent infection to poultry Prevent Viral shedding from poultry to poultry and humans