1. The Endocrine System

2. What is the Endocrine System? The system of the body which contains glands which are responsible for hormone production. Hormones are release directly into the bloodstream. Each hormone is kept in check by another.

3. Endocrine Glands PinealPineal ThymusThymus

4. Pituitary gland A.K.A. “Master Gland.” Controls many activities, including growth rate, metabolism & reproduction. Controlled by the hypothalamus (oversees many hormone levels).

5. Hormones of the Pituitary and their functions: Somatotropic: growth hormone - muscles, kidneys, fat, tissue, liver, bones, height. TSH: Regulates the size and activity of the thyroid gland. ACTH: Triggers adrenal glands. FSH: Stimulates egg cell maturation & sperm production.

6. Continued… LH - Triggers sperm & testosterone production in men ovulation and progesterone production in women. Antidiuretic- water balance in the body. Oxytocin – controls muscle contractions of uterus and milk production in mammary galnds. Prolactin – stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.

7. Common disorders of the pituitary: Dwarfism - Not enough growth hormone is produced.

8. Common disorders of the pituitary: Acromegaly - A tumor in the pituitary causes to much growth hormone to be produced.

9. Pineal gland Located in the brain and may have to do with sexual development.

10. Hormones Melatonin – helps regulate sleep cycles. Seratonin – assists with transmission of nerve impulses.

11. Thyroid gland Regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats & proteins. Hormone: Thyroxine. Thyroxine - controls iodine. Certain amt. Needed for properly functioning thyroid (Common Source is Seafood)…Iodized Salt.

12. Common disorders of the thyroid: Goiter - Under active; not enough thyroxine is produced. Common sign weight gain. Overactive - High levels of thyroxine are produced resulting in a very fast metabolism.

13. Parathyroids Four small glands that regulate calcium and phosphorus. Necessary for proper bone and tooth formation.

14. Thymus gland Located near the heart. Plays an important role in the child’s immune system. Changes to fatty connective tissue by adulthood.

15. Adrenal glands Located at the top of each kidney they secrete steroid hormones. Produces the following hormones: steroids, aldosterone, cortisone, adrenaline.

16. Hormones Steroids- group of chemical compounds that effect many things. Aldosterone- Maintains body’s H2O balance. Cortisol - Controls metabolism and inflammation of connective tissue. Adrenaline – controls “fight or flight” response“emergency hormone”increases heart rate, breathing, etc.

17. Pancreas Secretes a fluid that helps with digestion called glucagon and produces insulin.

18. Hormones : Glucagon - causes liver to convert glycogen to glucose. Insulin - regulates blood glucose levels.

19. The Ovaries Release egg cells. Produce estrogen and progesterone.

20. Hormones of the ovaries: Estrogen - development of primary and secondary sex characteristics. Repairs uterine lining after menstruation. Progesterone - Prepares uterine lining for possible pregnancy.

21. The Testes Produce sperm cells. Produce testosterone. TestesTestes

22. Hormones of the testes: Testosterone - Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics. Responsible for sex drive and aggressiveness. Levels start to decrease after age 30 (10% per decade), therefore, decrease strength and sex drive.