1. Presentation to NASA Nationwide Steve Levin Juno Project Scientist 6/16/2011

2. Juno Mission Overview Salient Features: First solar-powered mission to Jupiter Eight science instruments to conduct gravity, magnetic and atmospheric investigations, plus a camera for education and public outreach Spinning, polar orbiter spacecraft launches in August 2011 –5-year cruise to Jupiter, arriving July 2016 –About 1 year at Jupiter, ending with de-orbit into Jupiter in 2017 Elliptical 11-day orbit swings below radiation belts to minimize radiation exposure 2 nd mission in NASA’s New Frontiers Program Science Objective: Improve our understanding of giant planet formation and evolution by studying Jupiter’s origin, interior structure, atmospheric composition and dynamics, and magnetosphere Principal Investigator: Scott Bolton Southwest Research Institute

3. Partner Institutions Southwest Institute Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, TX NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company (LMSSC), Denver, CO University of Iowa (UI), Iowa City, IA Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), Laurel, MD Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), San Diego, CA NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Cape Canaveral, FL United Launch Alliance (ULA), Denver, CO Danish Technical University (DTU), Lyngby Italian Space Agency (ASI), Rome Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), Brussels

4. Launch Details Atlas V 551 from Kennedy Space Center Launch period: Aug. 5 – 26, 2011 (22 days) Mass at launch: 3625 kg

5. Flight Path Launch 8/5/2011 Earth Flyby 10/9/2013 Deep Space Maneuvers 9/7-11/2012 Jupiter Orbit Insertion 7/5/2016

6. Why Juno? Jupiter is by far the largest planet in the solar system, and we’ve been studying it for hundreds of years. Yet we still have major unanswered questions about this giant planet… How did Jupiter form? How is the planet arranged on the inside? Is there a solid core, and if so, how large is it? How is its vast magnetic field generated? How are atmospheric features related to the movement of the deep interior? What are the physical processes that power the auroras? What do the poles look like ?

7. Juno Science Objectives Origin Determine the abundance of water and place an upper limit on the mass of Jupiter’s solid core to decide which theory of the planet’s origin is correct Interior Understand Jupiter's interior structure and how material moves deep within the planet by mapping its gravitational and magnetic fields Atmosphere Map variations in atmospheric composition, temperature, cloud opacity and dynamics to depths greater than 100 bars at all latitudes Magnetosphere Characterize and explore the three-dimensional structure of Jupiter's polar magnetosphere and auroras.

8. Suite of instruments will collect data on: - Jupiter’s Gravity Field - Jupiter’s Magnetic Field - Deep Atmosphere - Aurora/Magnetosphere Gravity Science (JPL, ASI) Magnetometer— MAG (GSFC) Microwave Radiometer— MWR (JPL) Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector— JEDI (APL) Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment— JADE (SwRI) Plasma Waves Instrument— Waves (U of Iowa) UV Spectrometer— UVS (SwRI) Infrared Camera— JIRAM (ASI) Visible Camera— JunoCam (Malin) The orbit is the key…

9. Probing the deep interior from orbit Juno maps Jupiter from the deepest interior to the atmosphere using microwaves, and magnetic and gravity fields.

10. Mapping Jupiter’s gravity Tracking changes in Juno’s velocity reveals Jupiter’s gravity (and how the planet is arranged on the inside). Precise Doppler measurements of spacecraft motion reveal the gravity field. Tides provide further clues.

11. Jupiter’s magnetic field lets us probe deep inside the planet. Juno’s polar orbit provides complete mapping of planet’s powerful magnetic field. Mapping Jupiter’s magnetic field

12. Juno’s Microwave Radiometer measures thermal radiation from the atmosphere to as deep as 1000 atmospheres pressure (~500-600km below the visible cloud tops). Determines water and ammonia abundances in the atmosphere all over the planet Sensing the deep atmosphere (Pt1) Synchrotron radio emission from the radiation belts makes this kind of measurement impossible from far away on Earth

13. 13 Microwave Radiometer investigates deep atmospheric structure Sensing the deep atmosphere (Pt2) Gravity science investigates deep structure of belts and zones

14. 14 Jupiter’s magnetosphere near the planet’s poles is a completely unexplored region! Exploring the Polar Magnetosphere Juno’s investigation will provide new insights about how the planet’s enormous magnetic force field generates the aurora.

15. Spacecraft & Payload

16. T-Minus 49 days to launch… See missionjuno.swri.edu for updated countdown time

17. http://missionjuno.swri.edu http://www.nasa.gov/juno For more information…

19. Supplemental materials

20. Juno Science Objectives Juno will improve our understanding of the history of the solar system by investigating the origin and evolution of Jupiter. To accomplish this goal, the mission will investigate Jupiter’s Origin, Interior, Atmosphere and Magnetosphere. What we learn from Juno also will vastly improve our general knowledge of how giant planets form and evolve, shaping the evolution of planetary systems everywhere.

21. Many ways of seeing Jupiter

22. The Galileo mission dropped a probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere in 1995 and showed us our planetary formation theories were wrong! Haven’t we already been to Jupiter? Why go back? (Pt1)

23. This meant that Jupiter might have formed from the collision of many asteroid-sized pieces of water-ice. These icy planetesimals could have carried in the other, more volatile, elements trapped within the ice. Colder ice would carry more volatiles, so Jupiter’s water content will tell us whether or not Jupiter formed farther from the Sun and drifted in to it’s current location. If Juno does not find a lot of water in Jupiter, then the icy planetesimal theory is wrong and we’ll need a whole new way to understand Jupiter’s formation. Haven’t we already been to Jupiter? Why go back? (Pt2)

24. Over what period in the early solar system did gas giants form, and how did birth of Jupiter and its gas-giant sibling, Saturn differ from the “ice giants” Uranus and Neptune? What is the history of water and other volatile compounds across our solar system? There are some big unanswered questions relevant to giant planets… How do processes that shape the present character of planetary bodies operate and interact? We see a lot of giant planets around other stars. What does our solar system tell us about development and evolution of extrasolar planetary systems, and vice versa?

25. Where Does Juno Fit?

26. Juno Mission Timeline

27. Juno’s orbit at Jupiter

29. Juno’s orbit deliberately avoids the four large Galilean moons. What about the moons? Why go all that way and not visit Europa?

30. To accomplish its science objectives, Juno orbits over Jupiter’s poles and passes very close to the planet. This carries the spacecraft repeatedly through the hazardous radiation belts and limits the length of the mission. Radiation Orbits 1, 16 and 31 pictured

31. Why crash a perfectly good spacecraft into Jupiter? It’s a trick question! After 33 orbits and 15 months at Jupiter, Juno will have received a dose of radiation equal to 100 million dental x-rays! Eventually radiation damage would render Juno uncontrollable, so the spacecraft is sent into Jupiter in a controlled way so there’s no possibility it will impact the icy moons. End of mission

32. Images of Juno [Include choice photos relevant to the audience; see http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/feature/juno and http://mediaarchive.ksc.nasa.gov/search.cfm?cat=230]

33. Trajectory (i.e., Juno’s Flight Plan) Key datesMission phases

34. 34 Launch of LCROSS & LRO, June 2009GAVRT students at launch events In the 2009-2010 school year 7,089 students ran the GAVRT telescopes and collected radio astronomy data. 50 schools in 16 US States, Puerto Rico 3 foreign countries. 1,747 were students participating in the GAVRT program that supported the NASA LCROSS mission. Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) Project

35. Spacecraft tracks Education and Science Students contribute to Juno science - Modeling the radiation environment - Providing context for Microwave Radiometer data Juno science lessons (in and out of the classroom) Juno scientists participate in GAVRT teacher training Juno scientists in the (GAVRT) classroom Future plans (Junocam) The Juno/GAVRT Connection

36. page. GAVRT data help us understand Jupiter’s radiation belts Synchrotron Beaming Curve (GAVRT Data)

37. 37 GAVRT data provide context