1. Name Event Date Name Event Date 1 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris, April 17-18, 2007 High Energy High Intensity Hadron Beams http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/ Network coordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann Input from L. Bottura, J.-P. Koutchouk, E. Laface, L. Rossi, D. Tommasini, K. Wittenburg,

2. Name Event Date Name Event Date 2 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 CARE-HHH network Coordinate and integrate the activities of the accelerator and particle physics communities in a worldwide context, towards achieving superior High-Energy High-Intensity Hadron Beam facilities for Europe  road map for the upgrade of the European accelerator infrastructure (LHC and GSI accelerator complex)  coordinate activities and foster future collaborations  dissemination and outreach WP1: Advancements in Accelerator Magnet Technologies (AMT) WP2: Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI) WP3: Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD) Participating institutes: CEA, CERN, CSIC-CIEMAT, CCLRC, DESY, GSI, INFN, PSI, TEU, WUT Associated institutes: CRPP, ENEA, TUBE, ESRF, UPSA, FZK, TEMF, US-LARP (BNL,FNAL,LBNL,SLAC), JINR, IHEP, KEK Additional collaborations: Texas A&M U., U. Geneva, U. Bologna

3. Name Event Date Name Event Date 3 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 activities since CARE’06 Events: 3 HHH workshops held + HHH-US-LARP coordination meetings 8 further workshops/symposia planned Dissemination and outreach: presentations at 2 LHC-detector upgrade workshops, at 3 CERN & INFN management meetings, 3 departmental/project seminars 3 HHH workshop proceedings close to completion 3 articles published in CERN Courier HHH web sites maintained & developed Exchanges and education: several Russian, 2 US, and 1 EU accelerator physicist plus 3 representatives of European industry supported for HHH workshops 1 EU scientist supported for 2-week visit to CERN 5 doctoral students recruited for summer 2007: 3 EU summer students

4. Name Event Date Name Event Date 4 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 workshops since CARE’06 4th CARE-HHH-ABI workshop on Simulation of BPM Front-End Electronics and Special Mechanical Designs, Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1 December 2006, Proceedings CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH 4th CARE-HHH-ABI workshop on Simulation of BPM Front-End Electronics and Special Mechanical Designs, Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1 December 2006, Proceedings CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH Joint CARE-HHH-APD, CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV mini-workshop on E-Cloud Clearing (ECL2), CERN, Geneva, 1-2 March 2007 Joint CARE-HHH-APD, CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV mini-workshop on E-Cloud Clearing (ECL2), CERN, Geneva, 1-2 March 2007 CARE-HHH-APD mini-workshop on Crystal Channeling for Large Colliders: Machine and Physics Applications (CC-2007), CERN, 22-23 March 2007 CARE-HHH-APD mini-workshop on Crystal Channeling for Large Colliders: Machine and Physics Applications (CC-2007), CERN, 22-23 March 2007

5. Name Event Date Name Event Date 5 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 major presentations INFN CSN1 Meeting, Frascati, 28 November 2006 - “H8-RD22 Experiment to test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. Scandale LHCb Upgrade Workshop, Edinburgh, 11 January, 2007 - “LHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - Scenarios and Constraints from the Machine Side,” invited talk, F. Zimmermann Joint AB & LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 18 January 2007 – “Baseline Scenario for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, summary of the CARE-HHH LHC-LUMI-06 workshop” W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann ATLAS & CMS Detector Electronics Upgrade Workshop, CERN, March 2007 - “Two Scenarios for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade” W. Scandale LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 15 March 2007 - “H8-RD22 Experiment to Test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. Scandale

6. Name Event Date Name Event Date 6 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 deliverables & milestones compared with original plan (CARE’06) Stones (MS) and Intermediate Deliverables (ID). The workshop on Coil Manufacturing Optimization was postponed to 2004: HHH & HHH-APD web site => OK 2005: creation of first web-based beam dynamics code repository => OK http://oraweb.cern.ch:9000/pls/hhh/code_website.startup 2006: web based database for s.c. cables and magnets => OK, 40% complete => OK, 40% complete http://sdb.web.cern.ch/sdb http://sdb.web.cern.ch/sdbmilestones: web reference for IR optics => OK http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/SuperLHC_IRoptics/IRoptics.html booster synchrotron optics => delayed to 2007 structured list of intensity limits => nearing completion scaling laws for magnet and cryogenic cost => 2007 1 summer student 2 summer students + 1 doctoral student

7. Name Event Date Name Event Date 7 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 WP1: Advancements in Accelerator Magnet Technologies (AMT)

8. Name Event Date Name Event Date 8 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 Superconductors Database (SDB) database structure complete database structure complete web interfaces complete web interfaces complete since January’07 collaboration with FNAL and BNL on magnet & cable data sharing since January’07 collaboration with FNAL and BNL on magnet & cable data sharing main work left to do: creation of automatic tools which import data from existing databases, e.g., for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to SDB core main work left to do: creation of automatic tools which import data from existing databases, e.g., for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to SDB core this last task will be completed with the help of two summer students in 2007 this last task will be completed with the help of two summer students in 2007 Courtesy E. Laface http://sdb.web.cern.ch/sdb

9. Name Event Date Name Event Date 9 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 SDB example SDB example Courtesy E. Laface

10. Name Event Date Name Event Date 10 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 AMT activity OSOM AMT activity OSOM design of 2 T pulsed superferric magnet, follow-up of ECOMAG cable and coil in the iron configured to minimize loss; conceptual design that dissipates less than 10 W/m in the superconducting coil, and a warm iron (i.e. negligible loss power); two variants: wide iron and compact version with correction coil, both suitable for a PS upgrade. other options also examined, such as transmission-line magnets using large current (typically 100 kA), and open gap magnets; these options were discarded because of practical issues (bending radius, magnet size); summary report within next few weeks [L. Bottura] also ongoing: comparison of s.c. and n.c. options for fast cycling “PS2”

11. Name Event Date Name Event Date 11 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 AMT exchanges F. Broggi (Milano) visited CERN for 2 weeks in April to work on heat deposition in low-  region F. Broggi (Milano) visited CERN for 2 weeks in April to work on heat deposition in low-  region Primary goal: change of energy deposition versus distance between triplet and IP. First study showed little dependence. Question byh US-LARP. Present activity: consolidate the conclusions and explore other parts of the parameter space; collaboration with C. Hoa/CERN on precise FLUKA description of IR1 and IR5, including exact magnetic fields (well advanced); set up a few PC's running the latest version of FLUKA (done); switch to latest FLUKA source (DPMJET), used at CERN; confirm the Valencia results with the latest descriptions, source and FLUKA version; prepare a study program of study showing parameter regions still to be explored; investigate these (aperture, insertion length, crossing angle) [J.-P. Koutchouk] E. Laface visited FNAL & BNL for 1 week to coordinate work on s.c. database E. Laface visited FNAL & BNL for 1 week to coordinate work on s.c. database

12. Name Event Date Name Event Date 12 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 planned AMT workshops CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Superconducting Magnets and Cables, 3.5 days, at CERN reviews of cables and magnet design for high field superconducting magnets CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Superconducting Magnets and Cables, 3.5 days, at CERN reviews of cables and magnet design for high field superconducting magnets 27-28 September: CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Heat Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG’07), Paris, 2 days minimizing and evacuating heat in the next generation of superconducting magnets for high intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR magnet for the LHC luminosity upgrade and the fast cycling magnets for FAIR and for the LHC injector chain upgrade; identify the state of the art on (1) cooling techniques (fluids and regimes), (2) heat transfer mechanisms, (3) modeling of heat transfer from coils to cooling system, (4) heat transfer experiments; identify a common set of thermal design criteria 27-28 September: CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Heat Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG’07), Paris, 2 days minimizing and evacuating heat in the next generation of superconducting magnets for high intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR magnet for the LHC luminosity upgrade and the fast cycling magnets for FAIR and for the LHC injector chain upgrade; identify the state of the art on (1) cooling techniques (fluids and regimes), (2) heat transfer mechanisms, (3) modeling of heat transfer from coils to cooling system, (4) heat transfer experiments; identify a common set of thermal design criteria

13. Name Event Date Name Event Date 13 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 WP2: Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI)

14. Name Event Date Name Event Date 14 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 4 th ABI workshop 27 participants: 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 2 RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL 27 participants: 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 2 RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL topics: BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMs topics: BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMs proceedings almost ready, will be published as CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH proceedings almost ready, will be published as CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH

15. Name Event Date Name Event Date 15 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 planned ABI workshop End of 2007: HHH-ABI annual workshop on Tools for Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-) Accelerators; Emittance Preservation and Measurements in the Accelerator Chain, GSI, Germany End of 2007: HHH-ABI annual workshop on Tools for Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-) Accelerators; Emittance Preservation and Measurements in the Accelerator Chain, GSI, Germany

16. Name Event Date Name Event Date 16 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 WP3: Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD)

17. Name Event Date Name Event Date 17 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 CERN Courier 2, 2007

18. Name Event Date Name Event Date 18 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 LHC upgrade parameters parameter 25 ns, smaller  * 50 ns, long transverse emittance 3.75 protons per bunch 1.74.9 bunch spacing 2550 beam current 0.861.22 longitudinal profile GaussFlat rms bunch length 7.5514.4 beta* at IP1&5 0.080.25 full crossing angle 100381 Piwinski parameter 0.602.5 peak luminosity 15.58.9 events per crossing 296340 initial lumi lifetime 2.15.3 effective luminosity (T turnaround =5 h) 3.63.5 4.66.7 e-c heat SEY=1.4(1.3) 1.04 (0.59)0.36 (0.1) SR heat load 4.6-20 K 0.250.36 image current heat 0.330.78 gas-s. 100 h (10 h)  b 0.06 (0.56)0.09 (0.9) D0 + crabwire comp. two LHC upgrade scenarios developed at LUMI’06: 25 ns and 50 ns spacing

19. Name Event Date Name Event Date 19 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 upgrade bunch structures 25 ns 50 ns nominal 25 ns ultimate & 25-ns upgrade 50-ns upgrade, no collisions @S-LHCb! 50 ns 50-ns upgrade with 25-ns collisions in LHCb 25 ns new alternative! new baseline!

20. Name Event Date Name Event Date 20 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 25 ns spacing 50 ns spacing luminosity evolution average luminosity initial luminosity peak may not be useful for physics

21. Name Event Date Name Event Date 21 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 25 ns spacing 50 ns spacing event pile up

22. Name Event Date Name Event Date 22 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 25 ns, low  *, with leveling 50 ns, long bunches, with leveling events/crossing300300 run time N/A 2.5 h av. luminosity N/A 2.6x10 34 s -1 cm -2 events/crossing150150 run time 2.5 h 14.8 h av. luminosity 2.6x10 34 s -1 cm -2 2.9x10 34 s -1 cm -2 events/crossing7575 run time 9.9 h 26.4 h av. luminosity 2.6x10 34 s -1 cm -2 1.7x10 34 s -1 cm -2 assuming 5 h turn-around time

23. Name Event Date Name Event Date 23 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 25 ns spacing 50 ns spacing luminosity evolution with leveling average luminosity 150 events / crossing

24. Name Event Date Name Event Date 24 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 dynamic  squeeze for 50-ns option  N 150

25. Name Event Date Name Event Date 25 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 dynamic bunch length change for 50-ns option we might also reduce the charge/bunch and go for shorter bunches

26. Name Event Date Name Event Date 26 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 IR upgrade optics “compact low-gradient” NbTi,  *=25 cm <75 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) “modular low gradient” NbTi,  *=25 cm <90 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) “low  max low-gradient” NbTi,  *=25 cm <125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) <125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) standard Nb 3 Sn upgrade,  *=25 cm ~ 200 T/m, 2 versions with different magnet parameters (Tanaji Sen et al, Emmanuel Laface, Walter Scandale) + crab-waist sextupole insertions? (LNF/FP7) early separation with  *=8 cm, Nb 3 Sn includes D0; either triplet closer to IP or Q0; being prepared for PAC’07 (Jean-Pierre Koutchouk et al) compatible with 50-ns upgrade path

27. Name Event Date Name Event Date 27 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 crab waist scheme minimizes  at s=-x/  c focal plane realization: add sextupoles at right phase distance from IP initiated and led by LNF in the frame of FP7; first beam tests at DAFNE later in 2007 Hamiltonian

28. Name Event Date Name Event Date 28 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 phased LHC upgrade recent CERN management decision: early IR upgrade (“phase-1”): based on NbTi magnets, implemented ~2012 recent CERN management decision: early IR upgrade (“phase-1”): based on NbTi magnets, implemented ~2012 “low-gradient” large-aperture NbTi optics solutions developed by HHH are three good candidates “low-gradient” large-aperture NbTi optics solutions developed by HHH are three good candidates IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007; input from HHH studies IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007; input from HHH studies more ambitious Nb 3 Sn upgrade and higher luminosity planned in a 2 nd phase more ambitious Nb 3 Sn upgrade and higher luminosity planned in a 2 nd phase

29. Name Event Date Name Event Date 29 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 ECL2 workshop 35 participants: 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7 AB/RF, 2 AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry (Eisenwerke Dueker, Wendel Email), 4 US (BNL, Cornell, LBNL & SLAC), 1 KEK, others from European institutes (Astec, LNF, DESY, ANKA, U. Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF) 35 participants: 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7 AB/RF, 2 AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry (Eisenwerke Dueker, Wendel Email), 4 US (BNL, Cornell, LBNL & SLAC), 1 KEK, others from European institutes (Astec, LNF, DESY, ANKA, U. Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF) topics: CERN NEG coating facility, motivation, technological solutions, simulations, beam measurements, impedance, - for PS2, SPS upgrade, LHC upgrade, CLIC & ILC topics: CERN NEG coating facility, motivation, technological solutions, simulations, beam measurements, impedance, - for PS2, SPS upgrade, LHC upgrade, CLIC & ILC

30. Name Event Date Name Event Date 30 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 slotted vacuum chamber (W. Bruns) New! enamel electrodes (F. Caspers) New! electrete inserts (F. Caspers) New! NEG coating (P. Chiggiato) ECL2: solutions against electron cloud slotted chamber enamel-based electrode

31. Name Event Date Name Event Date 31 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 CC-2007 topics: critical review of experimental results critical review of experimental results crystal production technologies crystal production technologies application of bent crystals to LHC collimation system application of bent crystals to LHC collimation system assessment of new crystals through experiments at SPS and Tevatron assessment of new crystals through experiments at SPS and Tevatron use of crystals for diffractive physics use of crystals for diffractive physics co-sponsored by INTAS 45 participants: INFN Genova, U. Ferrara, INFN Legnaro, PNPI Gatchina, IHEP Protvino, FNAL, JINR Dubna, INFN Frascati, INFN Roma, U. Manchester, U. Texas,

32. Name Event Date Name Event Date 32 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 PRL article on 2006 SPS experiments published last week! including CARE acknowledgement SPS crystal collimation test

33. Name Event Date Name Event Date 33 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 2007 crystal experiments 7 weeks of SPS runs allocated to collaboration Goals: (1) test multi-strip crystals (2) check the effect on ions (3) verify their fragmentation and e.-m. dissociation inside the crystal, (4) test the effectiveness of crystal collimation for ILC Support: CARE-HHH, INTAS-CERN, INFN-NTA, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, CERN AB and AT Departments

34. Name Event Date Name Event Date 34 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 APD exchanges R. De Maria (grad student) visited FNAL for 1 month in February-March to work on heat deposition in low-  region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions R. De Maria (grad student) visited FNAL for 1 month in February-March to work on heat deposition in low-  region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions Collaboration with N. Mokhov, US-LARP W. Scandale visited FNAL for 1 week in February to participate in Tevatron crystal experiment W. Scandale visited FNAL for 1 week in February to participate in Tevatron crystal experiment Two graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini) will participate in RHIC beam-beam compensation experiments for two weeks this June, in the frame of HHH/US-LARP collaboration Two graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini) will participate in RHIC beam-beam compensation experiments for two weeks this June, in the frame of HHH/US-LARP collaboration

35. Name Event Date Name Event Date 35 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 planned APD workshops CARE-HHH-APD CERN-GSI bi-lateral working meeting on Collective Effects–Coordination of Theory and Experiments, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland CARE-HHH-APD CERN-GSI bi-lateral working meeting on Collective Effects–Coordination of Theory and Experiments, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1-5 October: CARE-HHH-APD event BEAM’07, CERN 1-5 October: CARE-HHH-APD event BEAM’07, CERN - mini-workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade & FAIR PS2, SPS enhancements, GSI upgrades - mini-workshop on LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade beam parameters and upgrade scenarios; e.g. bunch spacing, operation with large Piwinski angle, luminosity performance - Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium (Oct. 3) 7-9 November: CARE-HHH-APD workshop on LHC IR Upgrade (LUMI'07), INFN Frascati, Italy new low-beta quadrupoles, detector-integrated dipoles and quadrupoles, crab cavities, wire compensation, experience with new DAFNE IR 7-9 November: CARE-HHH-APD workshop on LHC IR Upgrade (LUMI'07), INFN Frascati, Italy new low-beta quadrupoles, detector-integrated dipoles and quadrupoles, crab cavities, wire compensation, experience with new DAFNE IR

36. Name Event Date Name Event Date 36 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium Tentative speakers: S. Berg, C. Biscari, O. Bruning, W. Chou, M. Furman, K. Hirata, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo, C. Petit-Jean-Genaz, S. Petracca, E. Picasso, W. Scandale, J. Thomashausen, F. Zimmermann,… 3 October 2007 during HHH-APD BEAM’07

37. Name Event Date Name Event Date 37 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 Gantt chart for next 18 months AMT and ABI

38. Name Event Date Name Event Date 38 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 Gantt chart for next 18 months APD

39. Name Event Date Name Event Date 39 CERN F. Zimmermann & W. ScandaleHHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007 Conclusions Conclusions numerous high-impact workshops numerous high-impact workshops focused activities in many frontier areas focused activities in many frontier areas - crystal collimation, slim magnets, e-cloud suppression, low- angle crab cavities, beam-beam compensation, novel optics design schemes, fast cycling s.c. magnets, new beam diagnostics results benefit global accelerator community results benefit global accelerator community - code repository, s.c. database, intensity limits enhanced dissemination & training effort enhanced dissemination & training effort - mutual visits between partner labs, publications, seminars, web pages, summer students and graduate students HHH is “high-return investment for Europe” HHH is “high-return investment for Europe”