1. Case study Starbucks FDI page 308
Over 16,000 stores
More than 4000 in foreign countries
Strategy: selling premium roasted coffee and freshly brewed espresso style coffee.
People and customer service.
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2. Starbucks 1995 in Japan, by licensing its format.
Joint venture to control the formula
To ensure that formula Starbucks transferred some employees to the Japanese operation.
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3. Starbucks What is the licensing agreement?
All managers and employees must attend training classes.
Store design.
Stock options for all employees in Japan.
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4. Starbucks Replicating US stores is very important in the license.
2007 = over 700 stores in Japan
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5. Starbucks 1998 aggressive FDI British Coffee Chain
Taiwan, China, Singapore, South Korea, KSA, and now all over the world.
Licensing its format for royalty fee and licensing fee.
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6. Starbucks
From straight licensing into joint ventures for more control.
2002 in Switzerland and then into China favoring joint ventures and acquisitions over licensing.
Answer the questions at the end of the case to the best of you knowledge
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7. The strategy of International Business
chapter 12
The strategy of International Business

8. The Strategy of International Business
Strategy and the firm
Global expansion, profitability and Profit Growth
Cost pressure and pressure for local responsiveness
Choosing a strategy
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9. The Strategy of International Business
Can you explain the concept of strategy?
How firms can profit by expanding globally?
Do you know how pressure for cost reduction and local responsiveness influence strategic choice?
Can you understand the different strategies for competing globally?
Can you explain the pros and cons of using strategic alliances to support global strategies?
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10. The Strategy of International Business
First strategy and the firm
We talk in this section about: strategy, profit, value creation, positioning, the firm as a value chain.
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11. First section strategy and the firm
Strategy: the actions that managers can take to attain the goals of the firm.
Goal: maximize the value of the firm
Maximizing profitability will maximize the value of the firm.
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12. First section strategy and the firm
See figure 12.1
Profitability -----by reduce costs and raise prices.
Profitability growth-----by sell more in current market and enter new markets
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13. First section strategy and the firm
What is value creation?
Profit leads value and value leads to profit.
Value = value perceived by consumer – costs of production.
This leads to consumer surplus in the consumer mind. See figure 12.2
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14. First section strategy and the firm value creationSo
Value creation = V-C in figure 12.2
So you as a manager you must thing of increasing V and reducing C!
You must think of all ways to do that.
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15. First section strategy and the firm Value creation
As a result of either concentrating on C or V you might want to use one strategy over the other:
Low cost strategy-----C or
Differentiation strategy V
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16. First section strategy and the firm value creation
Let us talk about Porter strategies for a minute.
Do you have any idea?
Competitive advantage?
So value creation for the business can be created by being competitive by increasing the gap between V and C against competitors.
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17. First section strategy and the firm and strategic positioning
Look figure 12.3
Efficiency frontier
Differentiation Vs Cost structure
Your strategic position in the mind of your consumers.
Diminishing return?
Viable position?
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18. First section strategy and the firm and strategic positioning
To maximize profit: Integration between three elements: 1- Viable position on the efficiency frontier. Strategy 2- internal operations. 3- organization structure. S.O.S- see wall-Mart- Gap, Al-Haram
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19. First section strategy and the firm operations
Operations: the firm as a value chain
Primary activities
Support activities
Value via R&D, Marketing, Production and customer service. You can increase value by reducing the cost or improving the quality. Caterpillar 24 hour spare parts service.
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20. Second section Global Expansion, profitability and profit growth
By 1- expanding the market: Leveraging products and competencies To do that and enter new market you need to offer something that is not offered, or different. Core competencies that competitors can not match. Core competencies -----source of competitive advantage.
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21. Second section Global Expansion, profitability and profit growth
2- Location Economies: are the economies that arise from performing a value creation activity in the optimal location for that activity. IBM select India, why? It is the right location for IT services. It must be that location enabling one of two things:
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22. Second section Global Expansion, profitability and profit growth
It must be that location enabling one of two things:
Lowering cost or
Differentiating the product.
Clear Vision, the case in page 410, represents both using China as a location for low-cost production and Japan for high quality design (two different locations).
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23. Second section Global Expansion, profitability and profit growth
How to create the global web?
Lenovo’s ThinkPad Laptop.
design-----US
Case, keyboard, hard drive---Thailand
Screen and memory----South Korea
The built-in wireless card-----Malaysia
Microprocessor US
Assembly Mexico
Marketing and sales strategy US.
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24. Second section Global Expansion, profitability and profit growth
Experience Effects
Experience curve- figure 12.5 page 412.
Economies of scale
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25. Section 3 Cost Pressures and Pressures for Local Responsiveness
Check figure 12.6 page 415
Two forms of pressure:
1- Pressure for cost reductions
2- pressure for local responsiveness
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26. Section 3 Cost Pressures and Pressures for Local Responsiveness
Let us start with number one: Pressure for cost reductions As an international company, what would you do to reduce cost and encounter the competitive pressure? As a bank for example? Answer: moving the activity of Information Processing to a developing country where wages are lower to produce lower cost per unit.
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27. Section 3 Cost Pressures and Pressures for Local Responsiveness
Cost pressure: Mass production at optimal location in the world and economies of scale. Cost pressure forced IBM to run its global professional services business from India not the united states. This always the case when moving through the product life cycle- from introduction to growth, to maturity and when the innovation is becoming no more than a commodity.
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28. Section 3 Cost Pressures and Pressures for Local Responsiveness
Second type of pressure is the pressure for local responsiveness (V not C).
This pressure requires differentiation strategy not cost strategy.
1- It is due to different customer tastes and preferences from one country to another. In this case standardization will not solve our problems. Take for example BBC. Banks, cars, mobile phone, Starbucks in KSA adapting to the culture
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29. Section 3 Cost Pressures and Pressures for Local Responsiveness
. 2- the second reason local responsiveness is: differences in infrastructure and traditional practices. Examples of driving in the UK and different voltage in electricity. And different technical standards from one country to another.
Whereas, standardisation makes life easy more than customization some times not all the time
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30. Section 3 Cost Pressures and Pressures for Local Responsiveness
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31. Section 3 Cost Pressures and Pressures for Local Responsiveness
Number three is:
3- differences in distribution channels: in some countries like Japan they sell cars door to door
4- host Govt demands: country’s specific health regulations, or tradition or cultural issues
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32. Section number four Choosing a strategy
Select your best str from figure 12.7 page 419.
1- Global standardization strategy with low pressure for responsiveness and high for cost.
2- localization str with high degree of pressure for responsiveness and low for cost.
3- transnational str with with high pressure from both.
4- international str. With low for both.
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33. Section number four Choosing a strategy
The evolution of strategy- Canon against Xerox
And see the evolution strategy at Procter and Gamble page 423.
See also opening and closing cases.
Good luck
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