1. OGC Standards and Environmental Science Phillip C. Dibner End-to-End Spatial Infrastructures for Environmental Science Wellington, NZ December 6, 2010

2. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Preface: Environmental Science and the OGC Not an exaggeration to claim that OGC was created substantially to serve growing environmental needs Environment is among the greatest areas of OGC technology implementation Data on environmental applications has never really been collated –Implementers do not necessarily advise OGC of their work –Users and integrators might not be aware of OGC content or services in the tools they use Sources of information: –OGCNetwork staff presentations: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/ogcpresentations http://www.ogcnetwork.net/ogcpresentations –OGCNetwork document catalogue: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/ogcdoc http://www.ogcnetwork.net/ogcdoc

3. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Overview Some examples of individual projects for environmental science using OGC standards The need for infrastructure –framework datasets –organizations, agreements, initiatives –process –technology / platform semantics / common vocabularies and information models services How to engage

4. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Advisories These topics are not entirely distinct –organizations develop standards, create policy, form agreements, and execute projects –many projects both explore environmental questions and develop or exercise technology Applications and architectures are highly heterogeneous The process is well underway but very far from completion There is still opportunity not only to engage, but to have a significant impact on outcomes One person can still make a difference

5. Selected Projects

6. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Sharing Water Information in France: Sandre Sandre: The French Data Reference Centre for Water Seeking common language for water data exchange since 1993 Multiple agencies All aspects of water: wastewater, hydrography, surface water, ground water, marine water, … Many data sources, and remote background maps from other agencies (JRC, BGRM, …) Data expressed in a common information model See OGC User, 2006. Article by François-Xavier Prunayre: –http://ogcuser.opengeospatial.org/node/59http://ogcuser.opengeospatial.org/node/59 Published core datasets using the OpenGIS® Web Map Service (WMS) and OpenGIS® Web Feature Service (WFS) specifications in 2005

7. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Open European Soil Portal The European Soil Portal Allows integration of a variety of online databases Started with SOMIS (Soil database attribute), PESERA (Soil Erosion), OCTOP (Organic Carbon), and MEUSIS (Multiscape European soil Information System) Some data is copyrighted Based on WMS: permits data to be viewed in a rendered form, without providing access to the raw data themselves See OGC User, 2005: – http://ogcuser.opengeospatial.org/node/122

8. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Global Land Ice Measurement The Global Land Ice Measurement from Space (GLIMS) Cooperative effort of over sixty institutions world-wide Inventorying a majority of the world's estimated 160000 glaciers Each institution (Regional Center) oversees analysis of satellite imagery for a particular region containing glacier ice Ingested into a spatially-enabled database (PostGIS) Made available via a website with an interactive map and a WMS. GLIMS Glacier Database is accessible on the World Wide Web at http://nsidc.org/glims/ http://nsidc.org/glims/ Global and Planetary Change 56 (2007) 101-110 –http://cires.colorado.edu/~braup/pubs/raup2007b.pdfhttp://cires.colorado.edu/~braup/pubs/raup2007b.pdf

9. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Real-Time Pollution Maps for Europe EU-funded research project: INTAMAP “Real-time pollution maps launched across Europe” –http://www.clickgreen.org.uk/events/events/121547-real-time- pollution-maps-launched-across-europe.htmlhttp://www.clickgreen.org.uk/events/events/121547-real-time- pollution-maps-launched-across-europe.html Uses measurements taken at specific places to create an online contour map Intelligent processing incorporates urgency to determine whether to use more or less precise (and time-intensive) forms of interpolation Oil spill maps, industrial/urban air pollution, gamma radiation,… Collects “raw data from the web” via OGC standards Other OGC-compliant web services automatically make maps and display them on the web, in real time

10. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Fieldservers and Sensor Service Grid The Sensor Asia initiative - developing the infrastructure for low- cost deployment of a broad network of sensors Fieldservers: an Internet-based observation robot that can provide an outdoor solution for monitoring environmental parameters in real time “will contribute to monitoring and modeling on various environmental issues in Asia, including agriculture, food, pollution, disaster, climate change etc.” Reference: “Fieldservers and Sensor Service Grid as Real-time Monitoring Infrastructure for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks” –http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/4/2363/pdf

11. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Coastal Network: ICAN “Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 4: Formalizing the Network, Engaging the Mediterranean” –http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/ICAN_EEA/ICAN4/ICAN4_Wkshp_Rpt.pdfhttp://dusk.geo.orst.edu/ICAN_EEA/ICAN4/ICAN4_Wkshp_Rpt.pdf Describes a variety of services, many of which use OGC protocols An integrative prototype has been built using CSW as the catalog interface, and WMS as data (actually, visualization) service Agreement must still be reached on semantics and terminology, e.g., “seabed” vs. “seafloor” The biggest issues involve inter-organizational relationships and governance, rather than technology

12. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Integrated Ocean Observing System IOOS: a data integration framework (DIF) for ocean observations, by US NOAA –http://www.ioos.gov/dif/http://www.ioos.gov/dif/ Several SOS servers, reporting in-situ temperature, salinity, conductivity, currents, waves

13. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science distribution of pika and how it is changingThis scenario is driven primarily by scientific research on the distribution of pika and how it is changing. to investigate the interoperability process to determine valuable predictors for the impact of climate change on biodiversityGEOSS infrastructure perspective: to investigate the interoperability process to determine valuable predictors for the impact of climate change on biodiversity to model pika distributions and how they may change with climateUse observations of pika over the last 20 years, plus existing modeling demonstration systems, to model pika distributions and how they may change with climate Area of Interest The US Great Basin region (1x1 km) Scientific patrons Dr. Chris Ray (University of Colorado - CO USA) http://www.ogcnetwork.net/system/files/FINAL-pikas_AIP_SBA_ER.pdf CC Impact on Pikas demonstrated in AIP-2 Slide courtesy GEO, OGC, and sponsors:

14. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Components for CC Pika Scenario Source: GEOSS AIP-2 Engineering Report, http://www.ogcnetwork.net/system/files/FINAL-pikas_AIP_SBA_ER.pdf

15. Infrastructure

16. Framework Data Sets

17. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Atlas of Canada Web services based on WMS Many kinds of environmental data: –Climate –Ecology –Forests –Geology –Groundwater –Hydrology –Land –Natural Hazards –Protected Areas –Sea Ice http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/index.html WMS: http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/dataservices/web_map_service.html

18. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science USGS Framework Data Sets and the NSDI Framework WFS at http://frameworkwfs.usgs.gov/http://frameworkwfs.usgs.gov/ Offered by the US Geological Survey in support of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) –Governmental Units –Hydrological Elements –Roads (as Road Segments) –More to be added The US National Spatial Data Infrastructure consists of the technology, policies, criteria, standards and people necessary to promote geospatial data sharing throughout all levels of government, the private and non-profit sectors, and academia.

19. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science NSW Natural Resource Atlas Data on: –Atmosphere –Biodiversity –Boundaries –Coast & ocean –Imagery & base maps –Inland waters –Land –Planning –Society –Transport http://www.nratlas.nsw.gov.au/ WMS for data distribution

20. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Atlas of the Cryosphere Developed at US National Snow and Ice Data Center Satellite imagery, sea ice extent, sea ice concentration, land, seasonal snow concentration, snow extent, … Atlas: http://nsidc.org/data/atlas/http://nsidc.org/data/atlas/ Article: http://nsidc.org/data/atlas/ogc_services.htmlhttp://nsidc.org/data/atlas/ogc_services.html

21. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science ACAP: Antarctic Cryosphere Access Portal Tool for data download and geovisualization –developed at the NSIDC Antarctic Glaciological Data Center (AGDC)AGDC –Scambos, Ted, John Maurer, Rob Bauer, Jennifer Bohlander, Terry Haran, and Katherine Leitzell. 2008. A-CAP: The Antarctic Cryosphere Access Portal. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/agdc/acap/. Provides WMS, WFS, and WCS services Data offerings: AGDC data, glaciology, ice core data, snow accumulation, satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), sea ice concentration, others

22. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Architectures Heterogeneous No standard way to deploy these services One service is not the same as one data source –e.g., a Sensor Observation Service instance may support a single sensor or an entire network –observations may be collected singly, or in very substantial arrays / record sets to minimize cost of transmitting metadata Interfaces suggest themselves at points of opportunity –WCS, WFS, SOS for primary data –WMS for rendered maps –WPS, SPS for processing; SPS for tasking Architecture derives from analysis of requirements and desired uses

23. Organizations, Agreements, Initiatives

24. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Interoperability is About Organizations “Interoperability seems to be about the integration of information. What it’s really about is the coordination of organizations” David Schell CEO and Chairman OGC Slide content courtesy OGC

25. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science INSPIRE INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) is a European directive and set of guidelines for the use of open standards in geospatial products. Purpose: “enable the formulation, implementation, monitoring activities and evaluation of Community environmental policies at all levels - European, national and local - and to provide public information.” WFS, WFS-T, GML, WCS, KML, WPS … used in various ways by mandated and supporting organizations

26. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science OneGeology “Making Geological Map Data for the Earth Accessible” An international initiative of the geological surveys of the world Mission: “make web-accessible the best geological map data worldwide at a scale of about 1:1 million” Participants establish and register a WMS that provides geological data for their region at the proper scale. http://www.onegeology.org/ Portal at http://portal.onegeology.org/http://portal.onegeology.org/

27. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science OneGeology - comment Note that there is process to putting together the worldwide geological map All levels and stages of development are relevant, and often play out concurrently

28. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science iEMSs, IEMHub and the CoP for Integrated Modeling iEMSs - the International Environmental Modeling and Software Society –http://www.iemss.orghttp://www.iemss.org The Community of Practice for Integrated Environmental Modeling IEMHub - the Interoperable Environmental Modeling Hub –web-based platform for the Community of Practice for Integrated Environmental Modeling (CIEM) –developed by the Community, supported by the US EPA –http://iemhub.org/http://iemhub.org/ The First International Summit on Integrated Environmental Modeling (December 7-9, 2010, Reston, VA)

29. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science MoU between iEMSs and OGC

30. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science CUASHI The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc Have built a very large scale prototype: integrated view of water and hydrologic processes, as well as systems for publishing / distributing / collating information from multiple sites Building a services stack using OGC Web Service Standards Catalog Services will be exposed as OGC Catalog Service for the Web (CSW) Their database is built upon the ODM - Observations Data Model Will be exposed, however, as a Web Feature Service Use WFS because it can be accessed by current GIS systems Thousands (~ 10K) types of phenomena exposed Time series - distributed services may distribute 10s to millions Developed WaterML - not originally based on OGC paradigms, but WaterML 2.0 is http://www.cuahsi.org

31. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science OGC Ocean Science Interoperability Experiment World initiative to advance standards for advancing interoperability of ocean observing systems. Slide courtesy OGC and Ocean IE participants and sponsors: Courtesy OGC

32. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Oceans IE Phase I Explore Web Feature Service (WFS) and Sensor Observation Service (SOS) Advance SOS in the ocean community Explore implementation about discovery of sensors and observations using semantic web technologies Material courtesy OGC and Oceans IE

33. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Oceans IE Phase II Topic: Automated metadata/software installation via PUCK Topic: Linking data from SOS to out-of-band offerings. Topic: Registry CSW Topic: Semantic Registry and Services Topic: Complex Systems Topic: Large number of Observation Offerings OGC Oceans IE Phase II Engineering Report, OGC Document 09-156, 2009-11-09

34. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science GEO was created through a series of three Earth Observations Summits: Washington Tokyo Brussels GEO - The Group on Earth Observations Courtesy OGC

35. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science GEOSS: The GEO System of Systems A Global, Coordinated, Comprehensive and Sustained System of Earth Observing Systems Courtesy OGC

36. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science … in service of 9 Societal Benefit Areas 1. Reduction and Prevention of Disasters 2. Human Health and Epidemiology 3. Energy Management 4. Climate Change 5. Water Management 6. Weather Forecasting 7. Ecosystems 8. Agriculture 9. Biodiversity A Cross-cutting Approach … GEOSS Courtesy OGC

37. GEOSS Architecture Provides Systems Interoperability and Easier and More Open Data Access Courtesy OGC GEOSS on-line: http://www.earthobservations.org/http://www.earthobservations.org/

38. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Interoperability Arrangements Technical Specifications for Collecting, Processing, Storing, and Disseminating Data and Products Based on Non-proprietary Standards Defining only how System Components Should Interface to be Contributed to GEOSS GEOSS Architecture Courtesy OGC

39. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Operational Capability Operational Capability User Needs, Scenarios User Needs, Scenarios Design, Develop, Deploy Design, Develop, Deploy Architecture Implementation Pilot (AIP) Task AR-09-01b GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) Task AR-09-01a support persistent implementation requirements SBA Tasks, UIC Elaboration of GEOSS Architecture Courtesy OGC

40. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science GEOSS Common Infrastructure GEO Portal –provides convenient access to GEOSS data and information –http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_gp.shtmlhttp://www.earthobservations.org/gci_gp.shtml Component registry –formal listing and description of EO systems, data sets, models, etc. that together constitute the Global Earth Observation System of Systems –http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_cr.shtmlhttp://www.earthobservations.org/gci_cr.shtml Standards registry –information about standards relevant to implementation / operation of GEOSS –http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_sr.shtmlhttp://www.earthobservations.org/gci_sr.shtml Best practices wiki –for aggregation and review of best practices in all aspects of EO –http://wiki.ieee-earth.org/http://wiki.ieee-earth.org/ Task force –oversight of GEOSS Initial Operating Capability –http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_ioc_tf.shtml

41. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science OGC involvement in GEOSS GEOSS Workshop Series –Organized by IEEE, ISPRS, OGC –2006: OGC demos for several Societal Benefit areas –2007: Template for persistent SOA in 2007 GEO Work Plan Tasks –2006: GEOSS Clearinghouse –2007: GEO Architecture and Data Committee Tasks Coordinate the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot –http://www.ogcnetwork.net/AIpilothttp://www.ogcnetwork.net/AIpilot Detail courtesy OGC

42. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science GEOSS Demo at IGARSS06, Denver: Effect of Forest Fire Smoke on Air Quality Canada Smoke Transport to US June 27, 2006 Fire Pixels (red circles) Surface PM2.5, (yellow circles) Surface Visibility, (blue circles) MODIS 1 km TrueColor Image Service chaining to develop air quality image Developed by George Mason Univ. and Washington Univ., St. Louis

43. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot The GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot (AIP) develops and deploys new process and infrastructure components for the GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) and the broader GEOSS architecture –http://www.ogcnetwork.net/AIpilothttp://www.ogcnetwork.net/AIpilot Three rounds to date of the AIP effort –AIP-3 Current status and demonstration videos: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/pub/ogcnetwork/GEOSS/AIP3/index.html –AIP-2 Engineering Reports: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/pub/ogcnetwork/GEOSS/AIP3/pages/AIP-2_ER.html –AIP-2 Demonstration videos: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/pub/ogcnetwork/GEOSS/AIP2/index.html

44. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science GEOSS AIP-2 Flood Tasking and Product Generation Aid levels for disaster relief funding can be released within days, in advance of on-site damage assessment. From portal select desired theme(s) and area of interest Wizard picks appropriate workflow for desired result Wizard Mozambique Disaster Management Information System (DMIS) Workflows Estimated rainfall accumulation and flood prediction model Flood Model Selected workflow automatically activates needed assets and models Baseline water level, flood waters and predicted flooding Courtesy OGC

45. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science GEOSS in Disaster Management Response Earthquake in Haiti Response to AIP-3 CFP University of Heidelberg Earthquake in Chile ERDAS Apollo used in AIP-2 Courtesy OGC

46. Process

47. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Testbed Pilot OGC Network Experiment Specification Program Technology Maturation Specifications Implementations Demonstrations OGC Interoperability Program Initiatives Types of Interoperability Program Initiatives Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 47 Graphic Courtesy Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

48. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science DevelopmentActivities Kick-offWorkshop Call for Participation ConceptDevelopment PersistentOperations(AR-09-01a) Participation ArchitectureDocumentation Updates for each step Baseline AR-09-01b Architecture Implementation Pilot Evolutionary Development Process Operational Baseline and Lessons Learned for next evolutionary spiral Continuous interaction with external activities GEOSS AIP Development Approach uses OGC Process Courtesy OGC

49. Platform Common semantics, interoperable protocols

50. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Common Information Models Observations and Measurements: OGC / ISO O&M Standard –http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/omhttp://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/om –revision: http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/om2.0swghttp://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/om2.0swg SONet - a US NSF-funded workshop series to harmonize and develop a standard for observations in Ecology and Earth Sciences –https://sonet.ecoinformatics.org/https://sonet.ecoinformatics.org/ Water: OGC Discussion Paper 2010, “Harmonizing Standards for Water Observation Data.” Current information models, and efforts to harmonize them. –http://portal.opengeospatial.org/modules/admin/license_agreement.ph p?suppressHeaders=0&access_license_id=3&target=http://portal.ope ngeospatial.org/files/index.php?artifact_id=39090http://portal.opengeospatial.org/modules/admin/license_agreement.ph p?suppressHeaders=0&access_license_id=3&target=http://portal.ope ngeospatial.org/files/index.php?artifact_id=39090

51. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science GML Application Schemas and Profiles Environment-related GML Application Schemas: –http://www.ogcnetwork.net/gmlprofileshttp://www.ogcnetwork.net/gmlprofiles Partial listing: –AgriXchange - GML Application Schema for agriculture (INSPIRE) –CAAML - Canadian Avalanche Association Markup Language –CityGML –CleanSeaNet - Near real time oil spill monitoring –Climate Science Modelling Language (CSML) –Cyclone Warning Markup Language (CWML) - DRAFT –Digital Weather Geography Markup Language (dwGML) –GML 3.1.1 Application schema for Earth Observation products –GeoSciML - Geological Sciences ML –Ground Water Markup Language (GWML) –MarineXML –SoTerML (Soil and Terrain Markup Language) –Tsunami Warning Markup Language (TWML) - Draft –XPlanGML - Sharing spatially related planning documents

52. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science OGC Interoperable Protocols WMS - rendered maps WFS - feature data WFS-T - transactional WFS - allows upload of feature data WCS - coverage data SLD - Styled Layer Descriptor - styles data for rendering SOS - Sensor Observation Service - standard access to sensed data, whether automated or through human activity SPS - Sensor Planning Service - a standard means of tasking devices, simulations, human activities WPS - Web Processing Service - standardardized access to computational elements

53. Engagement

54. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science OGC: How to participate? http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects Specification Development Program Participate through: (i) Domain Working Groups: Forum for discussion and documentation of interoperability requirements for a given information or user community, Informational presentations and discussions about the market use of adopted OGC Standards (http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/wg) (ii) Standards Working Groups: Edit and approve a candidate standard for public comment, Consider official Change Request Proposals to an existing OGC Standard and make changes to the standard as necessary (http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/swg) Interoperability Program (IP Program) Participate through: testbeds, interoperability experiments or pilot projects, where sponsors and participants (usually OGC members) work together solving interoperability requirements, results might be: “demonstrable” implementations, engineering reports etc. Courtesy OGC

55. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Participation in GEOSS Join mailing lists for info: –https://lists.opengeospatial.org/mailman/listinfo/aip_plenaryhttps://lists.opengeospatial.org/mailman/listinfo/aip_plenary To join the GEOSS Task officially, contact the Principal representative of a GEO Member and Participating Organization –For OGC members, the Principal is George Percivall –For others, contact the Principal for one of http://www.earthobservations.org/ag_members.shtml http://www.earthobservations.org/ag_partorg.shtml

56. Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science Other Integrated Modeling - IEMHub: –http://iemhub.org/registerhttp://iemhub.org/register Oceans Interoperability Experiment (near completion): –via OGC Interoperability Program OneGeology: –NZ already a participant

57. Thank you!