1. Óbuda University Power System Department The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration Dr. Péter Kádár Óbuda University, Power System Department, Hungary kadar.peter@kvk.uni-obuda.hu

2. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Draft The elements of a wind turbine The construction of the wind power plant The building procedure Integration of wind energy into bulk power systems 2

3. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Growing unit performance Today: 120-160 m 3,5-5 MW 3

4. Óbuda University Power System Department Limits: the sky Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 4

5. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Parts of a wind turbine 5 Low-med. volt. transformer cable steel tower power electronics gearbox rotorblades anemometer generator turning generator house grid

6. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Foundation 6

7. Óbuda University Power System Department Transportation Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 7

8. Óbuda University Power System Department Transportation Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 8

9. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Craning 9

10. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Nacelle 10

11. Óbuda University Power System Department Trends Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 11

12. Óbuda University Power System Department E-40 – E-82 Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 12

13. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 New control paradigm: wind priority Traditional control: Load demand -> generation control on the base of the demand Wind priority: we let generate all the wind plant, and we produce some more by the request Future: intelligent generation and load harmonisation (Demand Side Management) 13

14. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 New control paradigm: wind priority Traditional: Control by the demand E.g. steam generation Turbine Generator Wind: Control by the wind speed and demand rotor blades generator 14

15. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Indirect and direct driving 15

16. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Connection of the generator to the grid 30 Hz50 Hz 20 Hz50 Hz Appr. RPM 900-1000 changing Fixed frequency (RPM) 16

17. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Control: pitch, P,Q 17

18. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Electrical connection: compact substation 18

19. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Connection to 20 kV 19

20. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Single line scheme 20

21. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 More details… 21

22. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Protection, measurements, settling, RTU 22

23. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Connection between the tower and the compact substation 23

24. Óbuda University Power System Department Power, voltage level and topology 1 unit: cca. 2 MW (0,8 – 3,5 MW) 20 kV for transmission 3-8 MW Wind park: 20-30 units -> 110/120 kV Special topologies: ring, tree, quadratic, meshed, etc. Security – geography – economy – ecology Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 24

25. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind speed changes by Jensen Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 25

26. Óbuda University Power System Department „Wind shadow” – Wake effect decreasig speed – decreasing energy (work of Javier Serrano) Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 26

27. Óbuda University Power System Department Micrositing - optimisation (work of Javier Serrano) Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 27

28. Óbuda University Power System Department Quadratic displacement, Burgenland, Austria Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 28

29. Óbuda University Power System Department Line on the hill edge Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 29

30. Óbuda University Power System Department Molina moderna de Aragón Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 30

31. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind metering tower Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 31

32. Óbuda University Power System Department Atienza, Spain Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 32

33. Óbuda University Power System Department Near Calatayud, Spain Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 33

34. Óbuda University Power System Department Near Calatayud, Spain Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 34

35. Óbuda University Power System Department Near Calatayud, Spain 150 towers on this picture! Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 35

36. Óbuda University Power System Department Kefalonia, Greece Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 36

37. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Measurements Characteristics, RPM, output power 37 Cut in RPM Power out

38. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Niederland, Cabo Verde, Burgenland (A), Portugal 38

39. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Windpower plants in Hungary, 2006 39

40. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 V90 40

41. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Characteristics 41

42. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Rotor blade V90 (~44 m) MD 77 (37,5 m) 6,5 t! Glassfiber – epoxi Grafit fiber 42

43. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 FL MD77 43

44. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 MD 77 44

45. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 E 48 45

46. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 E 48 46

47. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 E82 47

48. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Characteristics measurements 48

49. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 „Storm control” 49

50. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Comparison 50

51. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Bükkaranyos 51

52. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Erk 52

53. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Inota 53

54. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Kulcs 54

55. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Mezőtúr 55

56. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Mosonmagyaróvár -Levél 56

57. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Mosonszolnok 57

58. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Szápár 58

59. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Törökszentmiklós 59

60. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 System load wind production 60

61. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Balancing with CO 2 61

62. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Feel the measure! V27 – 225 kW E-40 600 kW E-48 800 kW 62

63. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Feel the measure! MD-77 1,5 MW V-90 1,8 MW E-70 2 MW 63

64. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 How many tower represents 1000 MW? V27 225 kW4444 pcs E-40600 kW1666 pcs E-48 800 kW1250 pcs MD-77 1,5 MW 666 pcs V-90 1,8 MW 555 pcs E-70 2 MW500 pcs A lot. 64

65. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind energy integration Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 65

66. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Energy production calculation If 1000 MW built in capacity operates in 1 year with 20 % usage ratio 365 days x 24 hours x 1000 MW x 0,2 % = 1.752.000 [MWh] = 1,752 TWh In Hungary it is only 4,47 % of the total consumption Not too much 66

67. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Power ratio It is much! Forrás: A magyar villamosenergia-rendszer 2005. évi statisztikai adatai, MVM Zrt., 2006 67

68. Óbuda University Power System Department How the wind blows BEWAG experiences: gradient 60 MW/h 3 areas - 3 different wind blows Local autobalancing in the windpark Balancing between different areas Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 68 http://www.vrbpower.com/

69. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 69 Sudden stop of wind power plants Too strong wind (over 25-30 m/s) Network faults Frequency problems Is it really problem to loose 200 MW? – daily events The network flexibility must be raised! Diversification Forecast

70. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 70 Fault in Spain 2006.11.04. Storm in Denmark

71. Óbuda University Power System Department 2008. 04.01. operation - BEWAG Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 71

72. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 72 The UTSIRA project

73. Óbuda University Power System Department 73 Hydrogen generation On-site hidrogén előállító eszköz Szélerőmű Közlekedési felhasználás Hidrogén kút On-site hidrogén előállító eszköz Szélerőmű Szállítás Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012

74. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 74 Központi hidrogén előállító eszköz Szélerőmű park Szélerőmű KÖF eloszt ó hálóza t 120 kV-os főelos ztó hálóza t Rendszeri rányítói szabályoz ás Hidrogén kút Közlekedési felhasználás Central hydrogen generation – system operatior control

75. Óbuda University Power System Department Where to find the control capacities? Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 75 Hotel Benczúr 2008.04.02. Unused controllable capacities Uncontrolled gas fired capacities

76. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 76 Co-control of gas engines and wind turbines

77. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 77 Wind generation + gas engine generation + balancing

78. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 78 Load of the gas engine

79. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 79 Control Center for Renewable Energy (CORE) Iberdrola Toledo, Spain Virtual power plant Connection to the ISO On-line control of the wind towers Maitenance control

80. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 80

81. Óbuda University Power System Department What helps the integration? Control of the windpark output Diversification Local control centers Intraday power exchange Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 81 Szélenergia integrálás - aukciós szempontok GKM konzultáció 2008.04.16.

82. Óbuda University Power System Department American plans… Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 82 source: Ed DeMeo, Renewable Energy Consulting Services, Inc. UWIG techn. Workshop, 24 July, 2007, Anchorage, Alaska

83. Óbuda University Power System Department Conclusion The wind technology is cleared, this is the high time of the application The hot topics are the off shore plants The integration of the wind energy is the question of decision The present network structures was not planned and implemented for the trade and renewable generation Have a good work! Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 83

84. Óbuda University Power System Department Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012 Thanks for the attention! 84