1. Chapter 1 American Government

2. Why Study Government? Why is this class important? Can you think of some ways that government affects you? Where is government in this school?

3. Why Study Government? “Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty.” – Jefferson Essentially, if we want to keep our freedoms, we must be educated and aware of what is happening in government. Ignorance is dangerous. “Nothing is more easily manipulated than an ignorant and complacent population.”

4. Government in School Cafeteria- 30 mins of lunch; free & reduced lunches Building codes Safety regulations- room capacity, exits, doors Electrical codes Restrooms & drinking fountains Locker signs- search & seizure Agendas- policy Attendance Office- Compulsory Attendance

5. What would life be like if there was no government? qZWE

6. What do you think of this? What was New Orleans like before the hurricane? What did the hurricane do? New Orleans was peaceful and orderly. The hurricane knocked out infrastructure and made it impossible for police to do their jobs. The hurricane essentially created a lawless environment where enforcement became impossible and police even began breaking laws. Government essentially disappeared. In light of this video, what would you say the purpose of government is?

7. Government is necessary to create order and regulate a society.

8. S E C T I O N 1 Government and the State How is government defined? What are the basic powers that every government holds? What are the four defining characteristics of the state? How have we attempted to explain the origin of the state? What is the purpose of government in the United States and other countries?

9. What is Government? Government is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Public policies are essentially what a government decides to do. Tax, defense, education etc.

10. What does a government need to create public policy? POWER! What are the three kinds of power? Legislative Executive Judicial

11. The Constitution The basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it. What would life be like without a constitution?

12. Accountability Democracy – To the people Dictatorship – To no one really

13. Government Spectrum

14. Government vs. Politics Government is the institution Politics is the process of influencing other people

15. The State State- body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically (with a government), and with the power to make and enforce law without consent of any higher authority.

16. The State The state can be defined as having these four characteristics:

17. Question of the Day: List all the types of Government you can think of. Monday, August 24th Bring Technology tomorrow!

18. Origins of the State Force Theory Evolutionary theory Divine right theory Social contract theory

19. Origins of the State The Force Theory The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. The Evolutionary Theory The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved naturally out of the early family. The Divine Right Theory The theory of divine right holds that God created the state and that God gives those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule. The Social Contract Theory The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free people.

20. Social Contract Cont. Who has the power in this theory?

21. The Purpose of Government The main purposes of government are described in the Preamble of the Constitution of the United States: “ We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” We the People

22. The Purpose of Government Form a more perfect union Establish Justice “The law, both in its content and its administration must be reasonable, fair, and impartial.” Insure domestic tranquility Keeping peace and order Provide for a common defense Why is this so important? Promote the general welfare Not likely to be provided by the voluntary acts of private groups

23. The Purpose of Govt. Cont. Secure the blessings of liberty “They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.”—Franklin What do you think of this? Have we given up too much liberty? Can someone have too much liberty?

24. Preamble Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHp7sMqPL0g

25. Chapter 1.2 Forms of Government

26. S E C T I O N 2 Forms of Government How can we classify governments? How are systems of government defined in terms of who can participate? How is power distributed within a state? How are governments defined by the relationship between the legislative and executive branches?

27. Classifying Governments Governments can be classified by three different standards: (1) Who can participate in the governing process. (2) The geographic distribution of the governmental power within the state. (3) The relationship between the legislative (lawmaking) and the executive (law-executing) branches of the government.

28. Classification by Who Can Participate Democracy In a democracy, supreme political authority rests with the people. A direct democracy exists where the will of the people is translated into law directly by the people themselves. In an indirect democracy, a small group of persons, chosen by the people to act as their representatives, expresses the popular will. Dictatorship A dictatorship exists where those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people. An autocracy is a government in which a single person holds unlimited political power. An oligarchy is a government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self- appointed elite.

29. Stop and Hand out Papers

30. Question of the day on the board. Hang onto your homework for now.

31. Classification by Geographic Distribution of Power Unitary Government A unitary government has all powers held by a single, central agency. Confederate Government A confederation is an alliance of independent states. Federal Government A federal government is one in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments. An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this division of power on a geographic basis.

32. Classification by the Relationship Between Legislative and Executive Branches

33. Forms of Government

34. Now for some practical application!

35. Chapter 1.3 Basic Concepts of Democracy Bellwork: Discuss the following questions with a partner and write down your responses. 1. What are the basic concepts of democracy? 2. If we take any one of these concepts away, do we still have a democracy? 3. If we examined our own democracy at another point in history, would the concepts have been different? Would it still be a democracy? 4. Are any of these concepts missing from our ‘democracy’ today? Do we live in a democracy?

36. S E C T I O N 3 Basic Concepts of Democracy What are the foundations of democracy? What are the connections between democracy and the free enterprise system? How has the Internet affected democracy?

37. Foundations The American concept of democracy rests on these basic notions: (1) A recognition of the fundamental worth and dignity of every person; (2) A respect for the equality of all persons; (3) A faith in majority rule and an insistence upon minority rights; - The majority must respect the right of the minority to become the majority (4) An acceptance of the necessity of compromise; and (5) An insistence upon the widest possible degree of individual freedom.

38. Democracy and the Free Enterprise System The free enterprise system is an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods; investments that are determined by private decision rather than by state control; and determined in a free market. Decisions in a free enterprise system are determined by the law of supply and demand. An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion is called a mixed economy. Examples: Anti-trust laws, pure food and drug laws, anti- pollution, zoning, building codes, etc.

39. Governments and Economies

40. Supply and Demand

41. Democracy and the Internet Democracy demands that the people be widely informed about their government. Participation in democratic process easier than ever before. Online voting Easier access to information Communication of ideas However, all data on the World Wide Web is not necessarily true, and the long-term effects of the Internet on democracy have yet to be determined.

42. Group work Students will examine the tensions that the internet creates within American democracy. Get with a partner and read the “Close Up” on page 23. Do you agree with the American Library Association’s lawsuit? Do they have a case? Determine which viewpoint you favor. Then, discuss your answer with your partner. If you disagree, take turns expressing your reasons why. Also, discuss and answer the following questions with your partner. Should the federal government regulate the internet? Should internet sales be directly taxed? Should “adult” sites be regulated? Should access be regulated based on age or criminal history? Why or why not?