1. Thoroughly Modern Musicians

2. Overview  Breaks with or redefines the conventions of the past.  Uses experimental techniques.  Show the diversity of society and the blending of cultures.

3. Representative Composers Stravinsky Ellington Gershwin Copland

4. Non Traditional Arnold Schoenberg Atonality (pantonality) 12 tone technique Listen to Pierrot Lunaire No.8 Igor Stravinsky Wrote ballets Irregular rhythms Tension Short, fragmented melodies Listen to portion of Les Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring)

5.  Revolutionized music and wrote in a large variety of different styles and genres  Voted one of Time Magazine’s “100 Most Influential People” in 1998. Igor Stravinsky

6.  Worked with Picasso  The Rite of Spring was one of the turning points in twentieth century music. Its premiere was marked by a riot, and part of the shock the audience felt probably resulted from raw, primitive rhythms.

7. Traditional Tonality out the Window Bartok Folk music (Eastern European) Chromatic, atonal, rhythmic Listen to Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta

8. Berg & Webern Berg-pupil of Schoeberg Webern-friend of Berg Serial technique Listen to Symphonie 21 - Webern

9. Ives Combines folk, hymns, pop Irregular rhythms and tonalities Listen to They Are There! Copland Jazz, American folk, Shaker Tonal harmonies Listen to Appalachian Spring

10. Aaron Copland (1900-1991) Born into a Russian-Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York As a teen, studied in Paris and influenced by French & Russian Ballet and composers Debussy, Ravel and Stravinsky

11. While in Paris he became aware of the various emerging European national styles, and resolved to develop an American equivalent.

12.  The worsening world economic are political situation in the 1930s led Copland to seek a more popular, socially relevant style, as in the three 'cowboy ballets‘  Billy the Kid (1938)  Rodeo (1942)  Appalachian Spring (1944)

13.  Borrows heavily from American folk songs, such as the Shaker Tune, “’Tis the Gift to Be Simple” in Appalachian Spring

14. Jazz Scott Joplin Ragtime The Entertainer Louis Armstrong Trumpet player Improviser Ella Fitzgerald Singer Listen to: Can’t Take That Away

15. Duke Ellington  African-American composer, pianist and bandleader.  One of the leading figures in American jazz, and created a unique, recognizable style.

16.  A genius for instrumental combinations, improvisation, and jazz arranging  Moved to New York in 1923 and, during the formative Cotton Club years (Harlem Renaissance)

17. Among the first to focus on musical form and composition in jazz using ternary forms and "call- and-response" techniques  Take the A Train”  “Mood Indigo”  “It Don’t Mean A Thing if it Ain’t Got that Swing” (listen to)  Over 2000 Pieces

18. George Gershwin  Son of Russian- Jewish immigrant parents  Tried to bridge the wide gap between Tin Pan Alley (popular, “in the bars”-type music) and serious music.

19.  Won serious attention with his opera Porgy and Bess, a drama of Black America  “Summertime” (listen to)

20.  “Rhapsody in Blue”, written in 1924 marries jazz with something of the classical form (listen to)