1. Results (cont’d) Results. Abstract Introduction Methods (cont’d) Purpose Conclusions Author: Dominic Igbaji Ugar Faculty Sponsor: J.R. Wilson, Dept. of Kinesiology The University of Texas at Arlington Applied Exercise Physiology; Dec. 4 th,2013. THE EFFECTS OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANAEROBIC POWER PERFORMANCE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on anaerobic power performance in a single bout of high intensity anaerobic exercise. Five physically active college students (male =3 and female 2) volunteered for this study (age, 26.20 ±4.09 yrs; weight, 80.58 ±21.06 kg; Height, 1.77 ± 0.13 m). All subjects were students of the University of Texas at Arlington, Texas. Each subject reported to the UTA Kinesiology department laboratory on three separate occasions. During the first session, subjects familiarized with the experimental procedures. The additional two sessions were for experimental testing. The three sessions were separated by seven days. Seven days prior to the second session (first experimental session),the subjects were randomly assigned to seven doses of either creatine supplement or placebo (sugar pill) based on their body weight (0.1g.kg -1 ). The result of this study indicates that creatine supplementation has a significant effect on mean anaerobic power performance in a single bout high intensity anaerobic exercise. Methods Since the discovery of creatine by Michel Eugene Chevreul, a French scientist, in 1832, researchers as well as scientists have been fascinated with the role of creatine in skeletal metabolism. Creatine is a naturally occurring compound synthesized from arginine, glycine and methionine by the human liver and pancreas (Bloch et al., 1941). The store of creatine in human muscle is limited and as a result high ATP turnover rates high intensity exercise cannot be sustained indefinitely. In 1992, Harris et al suggested that creatine supplementation might improve exercise performance in human (Harris et al,). Creatine supplementation has become the most popular dietary supplements in the field of sport worldwide and is one of the few sport supplements that have not been banned. Creatine is used by athletes at many levels: High school athletes 17%, High school football players:30%, NCAA athletes: 28-41%, Military/Civilian health club members: 29-57% and athletes in power sports: 45-74%(Rawson & Clarkson, 2003). All subjects were encouraged to drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration. Each subject performs a 30 second anaerobic test using an electrically braked cycle ergometer against a resistance equivalent to 0.075gk/kg of body weight. Each anaerobic power test was preceded by a one minute warm-up pedaling at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm), followed by a 30 second pedaling at an “all out” pace. Subjects were verbally encouraged to continue pedaling as fast as possible throughout the 30 seconds test. Subjects were encouraged to continue pedaling the load free cycle ergometer at a low pace after the 30 second for proper cool-down. The peak power, mean power, torque and rate to fatigue were recorded and accessed through a computer interface equipped with a computerized soft ware program, attached to the cycle ergometer. The alpha level for significance was set at p≤0.05. Abstract: THE EFFECTS OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANAEROBIC POWER PERFORMANCE Author: Dominic Igbaji Ugar Faculty Sponsor: J.R. Wilson, PH.D. INTRODUCTION: Creatine is one of the most popular dietary supplements in the field of sport worldwide and is the most popular and widely researched natural supplements. Creatine is one of the few sport supplements that have not been banned and is used by athletes at various levels. Creatine is commercially available in different forms, but regardless of its form, supplementation with creatine has consistently shown to increase strength, fat free mass, muscle morphology and the synthesis of muscle contractile proteins. Scientific studies by: Stone et al.(2003), McGuine et al.(2002) and Zuniga JM et al.( 2012) have shown that creatine supplementation provide an ergogenic aid in activities involving repeated bouts of high intensity anaerobic performance. However, there have been mixed results in regards to the effectiveness of creatine supplementation in a single bout high intensity activities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on anaerobic power performance in a single bout high intensity activity. METHODS: Five physically active college students (male =3 and female 2) volunteered for this study (mean ± SD: age, 26.20 ±4.09 yrs; weight, 80.58 ±21.06 kg; Height, 1.77 ± 0.13 m). All subjects were students of the University of Texas at Arlington, Texas. Each subject reported to the UTA Kinesiology department laboratory on three separate occasions. Each subject performs a 30 second anaerobic test using an electrically braked cycle ergometer without any supplementation on the first occasion (baseline data). Subjects were randomly assigned to either a placebo (sugar pill) or creatine supplement based on their body weight (0.1 g/kg of body weight) for seven days prior to the second and third anaerobic power tests. Each testing was preceded by a one minute warm-up pedaling at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm), followed by a 30 section pedaling at an “all out” pace. Data were recorded by a computerized soft ware program attached to the cycle ergometer. Each anaerobic power testing was concluded with a 1-3 minutes cool-down for each subject. RESULTS: The data collected during the baseline, placebo and creatine supplementation sessions are as follows: Baseline (B):(Mean ± SD: peak power, 1229.00 ± 505.88W; mean power, 687.40 ± 289.81W; total work, 61.92 ± 19.62 J; fatigue rate, 44.10 ± 24.69 W/Sec); Placebo (Pl): (Mean ± SD: peak power,1212.80 ± 580.71W; mean power, 666.60 ± 284.49W, total work, 62.00 ± 19.53 J; fatigue rate, 44.88 ± 26.83 W/Sec); and Creatine supplement (Cr): ( Mean ± SD: peak power, 1318 ± 497.17W; mean power, 734.40 ± 276.05W; total work, 64.14 ± 15.10 J; fatigue rate, 49.34 ± 23.03 J). There was a significant difference between placebo and creatine supplementation in relation to mean power (P= 0.02). There was no significant difference between placebo and creatine supplementation in relation to peak power, total work and fatigue rate (P>0.05).There was no significance difference between B vs. Cr, and B vs. P data. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicates that creatine supplementation has effect on mean anaerobic power performance in single bout high intensity activities. Pear power (W)Mean power (W) Fatigue rate (W/Sec) Total Work (J) Baseline1229.00 ± 505.88687.40 ± 289.8144.10 ± 24.6961.92 ±19.62 Placebo1212.80 ± 580.71666.60 ± 284.4944.88 ± 26.8362.00 ±19.53 Baseline1229.00 ± 505.88687.40 ± 289.8144.10 ± 24.6961.92 ±19.62 Creatine1318.00 ± 497.17734.40 ± 276.0649.36 ± 23.0364.14 ± 15.10 Figure 1: Anaerobic Mean Power in Relation to B, Pl and Cr Supplement. There was a significant difference between placebo and creatine in relation to mean power (P=0.02). There was no significant difference between baseline Vs Placebo or baseline Vs creatine in relation to anaerobic mean power (P>0.05). Figure 2: above, shows Anaerobic Peak Power in Relation to B, Pl and Cr Supplement. There was no significant difference (p>0.05).