1. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g] Date Submitted: [ 07 July, 2009] Source: [Khanh Tuan Le] Company [Texas Instruments] [Per Torstein Roine] Company [Texas Instruments] Address [Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway] Voice:[+47 22958535], E-Mail:[k.t.le@ti.com] Re: [] Abstract:[Power and spectrum efficient PHY proposal based on GFSK for 802.15.4g. Definition of multiple channels to support FHSS and Adaptive Frequency Agility.] Purpose:[Technical proposal. Presented to the 802.15.4g SUN Task Group for consideration.] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 2 Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g IEEE 802 Plenary Meeting 14 th July 2009, San Francisco Khanh Tuan Le

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 3 Introduction Efficient working technology with focus on the user requirements, available frequency spectrum and applicable regulations for systems operating in the license exempt frequency bands This is an update of the submitted final proposal IEEE 802.15-09-0290-02-004g “Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g”

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 4 Proposal Update Details Regional ISM Bands: US, Europe and China Channelization Modulation Format and Data Rates Forward Error Correction (FEC) Data Whitening Packet Format

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 5 Focus on low system power consumption –Low power reception and listening –High transmit power efficiency Battery operation possible- Low average and peak current Spectral (and spectrum) efficiency increasingly more important Larger and more advanced networks require higher (peak) and scalable data rates Proven technology –Reliable networks using FSK and GFSK today Multi channel support Semiconductor technology requirements –Power optimized and cost efficient system solutions –Flexibility Background

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 6 Gaussian shaping improves spectral efficiency Constant amplitude modulation –Use of power efficient transmitter architectures and circuitry GFSK can be efficiently implemented on silicon radios Proven and widely used technology 2-GFSK (1 bit/symbol) /4-GFSK (2 bit/symbol) Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK)

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 7 863-870 MHz ISM Band in Europe (1) ERC/REC 70-03 (Feb-2009)

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 8 Frequency Band: 863-870 MHz Frequency sub-bands and allowed max output power: –868.00-868.60 MHz (600 kHz): 25 mW / +14 dBm (g1) –868.70-869.20 MHz (500 kHz): 25 mW / +14 dBm (g2) –869.40-869.65 MHz (250 kHz): 500 mW / +27 dBm (g3) Sub-band channel spacing: 250 kHz Number of channels: 5 Channel center frequencies: –868.175 MHz and 868.425 MHz –868.825 MHz and 869.075 MHz –869.525 MHz Adaptive Frequency Agility (AFA) with Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) 863-870 MHz ISM Band in Europe (2)

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 9 The center frequency of these channels is defined as follows: –F c = 868.175 + 0.25 k in megahertz, for k = 0,1 –F c = 868.325 + 0.25 k in megahertz, for k = 2,3 –F c = 869.525in megahertz, for k = 4 where k is the channel number 863-870 MHz ISM Band in Europe (3)

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 10 Channel Plan Illustration Center FreqMax Output Power 868.175 MHz25 mW (+14 dBm) 868.425 MHz25 mW (+14 dBm) 868.825 MHz25 mW (+14 dBm) 869.075 MHz25 mW (+14 dBm) 869.525 MHz500 mW (+27 dBm) 863-870 MHz ISM Band in Europe (4)

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 11 Modulation format: –2-GFSK and 4-GFSK, BT=0.5 Data rates: –(R1) 50 kbps : 2-GFSK, modulation index 0.9 –(R2) 100 kbps: 2-GFSK, modulation index 0.9 –(R3) 200 kbps: 4-GFSK, modulation index 0.3 863-870 MHz ISM Band in Europe (5)

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 12 RX ParameterValueConditions Receiver Category2ETSI EN 300 220-1 V2.3.1 (2009-04 Draft) Receiver sensitivity (R1) 50 kbps (R2) 100 kbps (R3) 200 kbps -95 dBm -92 dBm -85 dBm PER=1%, 20 bytes packet length Selectivity Adjacent Channel Rejetion Alternate Channel Rejetion 30 dB 40 dB Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit Blocking Performance ±1 MHz offset50 dB Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit 863-870 MHz ISM Band in Europe (6) Proposed Receiver Specifications

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 13 Absolute minimum requirements regulated by the ETSI EN 300 220* standard –Maximum output power –Transient power –Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) –Spurious Emissions Application requirements –Minimum output power at maximum setting IEEE 802.15.4-2006: ”... capable of transmitting at least –3 dBm” Transmitter Requirements * Draft ETSI EN 300 220-1 V2.3.1 (2009-04) 863-870 MHz ISM Band in Europe (7)

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 14 FCC Part 15.247 Frequency band: 902-928 MHz (26 MHz) Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Max output power: 1 W (+30 dBm) or 250 mW (+24 dBm) Dynamic power control 902-928 MHz ISM Band in The USA (1)

15. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 15 Well known and proven technique Required by some regional regulations (e.g. in the USA) for high transmit power levels –Widely used in the USA –Limited use in Europe because frequency hopping does not enable higher transmit power. Duty cycle or LBT also apply for FH systems. Can be used for co-existence of multiple networks Can enable high aggregate throughput Inherent frequency diversity mechanism Required performance to facilitate frequency hopping is efficiently supported by semiconductor radio devices today Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) 902-928 MHz ISM Band in The USA (2)

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 16 Regulations allow high degree of flexibility Smallest channel spacing determined by the lowest maximum data rate envisioned –Receiver noise bandwidth set according to the data rate Widest channel spacing determined by the target number of channels to support a specific frequency hopping scheme –N ≥ 50 for +30 dBm –N ≥ 25 for +24 dBm Data rates set by the M-GFSK modulated signals within the channel Channelization and Data Rates 902-928 MHz ISM Band in The USA (3)

17. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 17 # ChannelsChannel Spacing [kHz] ModulationData Rate [kbps] Max Output Power [dBm] 100 (2 x 50)2502-GFSK50+30 100 (2 x 50)2502-GFSK100+30 100 (2 x 50)2504-GFSK200+30 Can facilitate max +30 dBm output power if needed. Multiple sets of (offset) channels could be defined to support at least two networks in the same area –The main coexistence mechanism would still be the use of different hopping sequences –Although networks share the same frequency range, coexistence is improved by good far-away selectivity, as the networks have a high probability of large frequency spacing at any given moment in time –Multipath fading mitigation and coexistence with other networks are maximized utilizing the entire frequency band 902-928 MHz ISM Band in The USA (4) Example of Channelization and Data Rates

18. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 18 Example of Channel Plan for 902-928 MHz Guard band (500 kHz) on each side Multiple co-existing networks possible 902-928 MHz ISM Band in The USA (5)

19. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 19 The Chinese Short Range Device Regulations Frequency band: 470-510 MHz Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum across the whole 40 MHz band Max output power: 50 mW (+17 dBm) Dynamic power control 470-510 MHz ISM Band in China (1) This proposal is presented as a possible technical solution. The suitability of this frequency band for SUN applications needs to be confirmed and aligned with the appropriate Chinese standardization bodies.

20. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 20 # ChannelsChannel Spacing [kHz] ModulationData Rate [kbps] Max Output Power [dBm] 150 (3 x 50)2502-GFSK50+17 150 (3 x 50)2502-GFSK100+17 150 (3 x 50)2504-GFSK200+17 Multiple sets of (offset) channels could be defined to support several co-existing networks in the same area –The main coexistence mechanism would still be the use of different hopping sequences –Although networks share the same frequency range, coexistence is improved by good far-away selectivity, as the networks have a high probability of large frequency spacing at any given moment in time –Multipath fading mitigation and coexistence with other networks are maximized utilizing the entire frequency band 470-510 MHz ISM Band in China (2)

21. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 21 Channel Plan for 470-510 MHz Guard band (1.25 MHz) on each side Multiple co-existing networks possible 470-510 MHz ISM Band in China (3)

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 22 Modulation format: –2-GFSK and 4-GFSK, BT=0.5 Data rates: –(R1) 50 kbps : 2-GFSK, modulation index 0.9 –(R2) 100 kbps: 2-GFSK, modulation index 0.9 –(R3) 200 kbps: 4-GFSK, modulation index 0.3 470-510 MHz ISM Band in China (4)

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 23 RX ParameterValueConditions Receiver sensitivity (R1) 50 kbps (R2) 100 kbps (R3) 200 kbps -95 dBm -92 dBm -85 dBm PER=1%, 20 bytes packet length Selectivity Adjacent Channel Rejetion Alternate Channel Rejetion 30 dB 40 dB Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit Blocking Performance ±1 MHz offset50 dB Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit Proposed Receiver Specifications 470-510 MHz ISM Band in China (5)

24. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 24 As support for very long packets is mandatory, a simple low-overhead FEC should be defined for optional use to improve the packet error rate Proposal: (128,120,4) extended Hamming code SECDED: Corrects single bit, detect double bit errors –Double bit error detection does not improve PER, but is useful for early receive termination when packet is corrupted Can also be viewed and implemented as (127,120,3) BCH, extended by an extra parity bit –Generator polynomials: x 7 +x 3 +1 (BCH) and x+1 (extra parity) After 15 octets of PHY data, one octet containing parity check bits (PCB) is inserted Simple Low Overhead FEC

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 25 Packet Format

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 26 Whitening is done after FEC octet insertion Same LFSR polynomial is used for whitening all the time The whitening LFSR is initialized to an unique value based on the channel number used for the packet –This would enable retransmissions on the following channels to use different whitening for protection from packet data with poor whitening performance Data whitening should be optional Data Whitening

27. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 27 Proposal Summary

28. doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0480-00-004g Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g July 2009 Khanh Tuan Le (TI)Slide 28 Thank you!