1. Module 49 Mood Disorders Module 49 - Mood disorders1

2. Major Depressive E pisode Depressed mood Loss of interest in pleasurable activities Decrease or increase in appetite OR significant weight loss or gain Persistently increased or decreased sleep Psychomotor agitation or retardation Fatigue or low energy Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt Decreased concentration or indecisiveness Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt Five or more symptoms present for ≥ 2 weeks

3. Module 49 - Mood disorders3 # 1 reason people seek Mental Health Services Sex Differences F ¼ (22%) M 1/8 (13%) - life time prevalence. Women (11.2%) Men (5.8%) per year

4. Module 49 - Mood disorders4 Most depressions last less four months. 1/2 who have one episode never have another. 1/4 have a multiple recurrence. 15% of People with Major Depression commit suicide.

5. Module 49 - Mood disorders5 Preventing Suicide If someone tells you they are thinking of suicide... 1) Take it seriously 70% tell someone before hand. 2) Talk to them about it 3) Recognise symptoms - giving away possessions - sudden recovery from depressed mood 4) Don’t leave them alone!

6. Module 49 - Mood disorders6 5) Encourage them to get help.... and Get help yourself. 6) Discourage Drinking. Alcohol is a depressant. It just makes it worse!

7. Module 49 - Mood disorders7 Symptoms of Mania - abnormal, persistent elevated or irritable mood - inflated self esteem or grandiosity - decreased need for sleep - uncontrolled talking -racing thoughts - excessive risky activities (spending sprees, sexual indiscretions, foolish business investments) - generally develops before 30 - if untreated episodes last from 2 to 6 weeks

8. Module 49 - Mood disorders8 Bipolar Disorder reoccurring episodes of depression and mania often with normal moods in between. Hypomania – less sever mania Dysthymia - less sever depression. Cyclothymia - less sever bipolar disorder - generally begin in early adulthood and rarely leads to suicide.

9. Causes of mood disorders

10. Module 49 - Mood disorders10 Causes Biological Perspective Genetics - twin Studies - linkage Studies Brain Activity Neurochemicals - Norepinephrine and Seratonin

11. Module 49 - Mood disorders11 Social Cognitive Perspective Learned Helplessness Rumination (Negative Thoughts) - state dependant memories

12. Module 49 - Mood disorders12 Social Cognitive Perspective Explanatory Style

13. Module 49 - Mood disorders13 Stressors Reactive Depression - response to an identifiable stressor(s). Poor coping strategies

14. Module 49 - Mood disorders14 Drug Therapy Serotonin & norepinephrine Tricyclics Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Prozac Family Cognitive Therapy – Challenge Stinking Thinking

15. Module 49 - Mood disorders15 Drugs or Talk Therapy --- Which works best? Both Work. The combination: - works better for people with Major Depression - decrease probability of re-occurrence