1. CHAPTER 13 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE

2. SECTION 1 MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE

3. GREECE IS THE BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY.
IT WAS SEPARATED INTO CITY-STATES.
WHAT IS A CITY-STATE?
IT WAS ALSO A CULTURAL HEARTH FOR
WESTERN EUROPE, BECAUSE OF ITS
DRAMA, PHILOSOPHY, LANGUAGE,
ART, AND SCIENCE.

4. THE ROMAN EMPIRE

5. AFTER GREECE LOST POWER AND INFLUENCE, DUE TO WARS AND CONQUERERS, ROME BECAME THE NEW POWER
THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT WAS A REPUBLIC
IT STRETCHED FROM THE BRITISH ISLES
TO NORTHERN AFRICA AT ITS HEIGHT.

7. MOVING TOWARD MODERN TIMES
The Crusades began when the Muslims invaded the Holy Lands and prevented Christians from worshipping there.
A series of wars and pilgrimages had Christians from Europe passing through Italy and southern Europe on their way to Jerusalem.
This caused the Italian city-states to grow rich.

8. WAS A REVIVAL OF THE ARTS, LITERATURE AND LEARNING
THE RENAISSANCE
THE RENAISSANCE,
OR “REBIRTH,”
WAS A REVIVAL OF THE ARTS,
LITERATURE AND LEARNING
FROM THE GOLDEN AGE OF
THE GREEKS.
IT BEGAN IN ITALY AND
SPREAD THROUGH
MOST OF EUROPE

9. BUBONIC PLAGUE, THE “BALCK DEATH”
OUTBREAKS OF THE
BUBONIC PLAGUE,
CARRIED BY THE
FLEAS OF RATS,
KILLED NEARLY ONE
THIRD OF EUROPE’S
POPULATION
IN SEVERAL
OUTBREAKS.

11. SPAIN’S EMPIRES NORTHERN AFRICA IN THE 700’S
MUSLIMS INVADED SPAIN FROM
NORTHERN AFRICA IN THE 700’S
SPAIN’S QUEEN ISABELLA AND KING FERDINAND UNITED SPAIN
AND BEGAN
SUPPORTING EXPLORATIONS TO THE
NEW WORLD IN THE LATE 1400’S

12. EUROPE’S CULTURE LANGUAGES EVOLVED FROM THE ROMAN LANGUAGE , LATIN
LANGUAGES WERE CIRCULATED BY THE PUBLISHING OF RELIGIOUS WORKS
DURING THE REFORMATION, THE
FORMATION OF THE PROTESTANT
CHURCHES, SUCH AS THE LUTHERAN, METHODIST, ANGLICAN, AND OTHERS

13. ART ART FLOURISHED IN ITALY, FRANCE, AND THE NETHERLANDS THE ROMAN
CONSTRUCTIONS
LIKE THE
AQUEDUCTS AND
PANTHEON
REMAIN AS RUINS
TODAY

14. THE PIETA BY
MICHANGELO
THE PANTHEON IN ROME
BY DUTCH PAINTER
VERMEER
A ROMAN AQUEDUCT

15. ECONOMICS
THROUGH THE YEARS, EUROPE HAS MOVED FROM AGRICULTURE TO INDUSTRY
THE EUROPEAN UNION, FORMED IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY
INCREASED MANUFACTURING
STANDARDIZED THE MONEY SYSTEM
WITH THE EURO
INCREASED TRADE WITHIN THE
CONTINENT