1. 18.4 America as a World Power What were the key differences about how Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson used American power around the world?

2. 1907: Great White Fleet What was its purpose?

3. Roosevelt and Imperialism
What were Roosevelt’s major acts of foreign policy?
Portsmouth Treaty b/w Russia & Japan
Panama “revolution” from Colombia Nov. 1903
US Navy supports the “revolution”
Panama Canal built ( , $400 million)
US granted Canal Zone (10 mile strip)
“Big Stick” Diplomacy or “Cowboy diplomacy?”

4. Roosevelt the…. Diplomat?
1904 – Sino-Russian War
1906 – TR mediates between Japan and Russia
TR forces Russia and Japan to compromise
EFFECT:
TR wins Nobel Peace Prize, sours relations with BOTH Russia and Japan.

5. Map: The Panama Canal
The Panama Canal
The Panama Canal could take advantage of some natural waterways. The most difficult part of the construction, however, was devising some way to move ships over the mountains near the Pacific end of the canal (lower right). This was done through a combination of cutting a route through the mountains and constructing massive locks.
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9. “Big Sister” becomes “Big Brother”
Why were Latin American countries nervous of TR?
Santo Domingo
Cuba Occupation
Puerto Rico
Panama Canal  Encouraged a revolution
Roosevelt Corollary (“preventive intervention”)
a Dominican Republic
b – Cuba

10. Roosevelt Corollary
“Roosevelt Corollary of December 1904 stated that the United States would intervene as a last resort to ensure that other nations in the Western Hemisphere fulfilled their obligations to international creditors, and did not violate the rights of the United States or invite "foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations." As the corollary worked out in practice, the United States increasingly used military force to restore internal stability to nations in the region. Roosevelt declared that the United States might "exercise international police power in 'flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence.'" Over the long term the corollary had little to do with relations between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, but it did serve as justification for U.S. intervention in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.”

11. TR’s Big Stick v. WW’s Missionary Diplomacy

12. Wilson and Mexico
1911: Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta dictatorship
1914: Wilson orders US Marines to occupy Veracruz
Huerta’s regime collapses. Carranza takes over.
Pancho Villa and Emilio Zapata start rebellion.
1916: Villa’s “troops” invade New Mexico, kill Americans.
Wilson orders Pershing and 15,000 troops into Mexico to hunt down Villa.
US troops fail to capture Villa, withdrawn to fight WWI.
LONG-TERM EFFECT???

13. “Blackjack Pershing” v. Pancho Villa

14. Map: The United States and the Mexican Revolution
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16. ANALYSIS: 1. Access to foreign markets
What were US foreign policy goals during the imperial era? Pg. 547
1. Access to foreign markets
2. Built a modern navy to protect US interests
3. Act as an international “police power”
Was the US successful?
In the short-run?
In the long-run?

17. WILSON ABROAD – “MISSIONARY/MORAL DIPLOMACY”
Isolationist / pacifist?
Does not support dollar diplomacy
Loosen grip in Philippines
Negotiates with Japan
re: CA anti-immig. laws
Restraint dealing with Mex. Revolution and Huerta
Interventionist?
Haiti
Dominican Republic
Virgin Islands
Nicaragua
Gen. Pershing’s invasion of Mexico in Pancho Villa Campaign

18. Compare and Contrast TR, Taft’s and WW’s Foreign Policies