1. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 3 Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes, Regions, and Quadrants

2. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Purpose of Directional Terms, directional terms: used to describe the relative position of one part of the body to another

3. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

4. 4 Anatomic Position Body is viewed as erect, arms at the side with palms of the hands facing forward, and feet placed side by side. Whether the patient is standing or lying down face up, the directional terms are the same.

5. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Combining Forms for Directional Terms anter/o caud/o cephal/o dist/o dors/o infer/o later/o

6. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Combining Forms for Directional Terms medi/o poster/o proxim/o super/o ventr/o

7. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Prefixes bi- uni- Suffixes -ad -ior Prefixes and Suffixes

8. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Directional Terms anterior anteroposterior (AP) bilateral caudal cephalic distal dorsal inferior

9. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Directional Terms (cont’d) lateral medial mediolateral posterior proximal posteroanterior (PA) superior unilateral ventral

10. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Directional Terms

11. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Purpose Anatomic Planes anatomic planes: used to describe the location of internal organs and structures

12. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Anatomic Planes frontal or coronal: vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions midsagittal: vertical field running through the body from front to back; divides body into right and left halves

13. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Anatomic Planes sagittal: vertical field running through the body from front to back—divides body into uneven right and left halves transverse: horizontal field dividing the body into upper and lower portions

14. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Abdominopelvic Regions To assist medical personnel to locate medical problems with greater accuracy and for identification purposes, the abdomen is divided into regions:

15. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Abdominopelvic Regions hypochondriac (right & left)epigastric lumbar (right & left) umbilical iliac (right & left) hypogastric

16. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Abdominopelvic Quadrants Right upper quadrant: RUQ Left upper quadrant: LUQ Right lower quadrant: RLQ Left lower quadrant: LLQ

17. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Abdominopelvic Quadrants

18. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Abbreviations ant AP inf lat LLQ LUQ Med PA RLQ RUQ Sup