1. Supporting information Figures S1-S9 The response to copper stress in Streptomyces lividans extends beyond genes under the direct control of a Copper sensitive operon Repressor protein (CsoR) Srivatsa Dwarakanath 1, Amanda K. Chaplin 1, Michael A. Hough 1, Sébastien Rigali 2, Erik Vijgenboom 3 and Jonathan A.R. Worrall 1 * 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK. 2 Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de chimie B6a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. 3 Molecular Biotechnology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands. *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Jonathan Worrall jworrall@essex.ac.uk; Tel: +44 1206 872095

2. Figure S1: A coomassie stained 15 % SDS-PAGE gel showing two fractions of CsoR Sl eluted from the G75 sephadex column following cleavage of the His-tag with thrombin. A UV-visible spectrum of purified CsoR Sl in 20 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl.

3. A B Figure S2: Analytical ultracentrifugation. A) Sedimentation equilibrium data at pH 6.5 and 20 o C for apo-CsoR Sl. Data were fitted using a single ideal species model with the residuals of the fits shown. A single species average molecular weight of 59.3 kDa was determined. B) Sedimentation equilibrium data at pH 6.5 and 20 o C for Cu I -CsoR Sl. Data were fitted using a single ideal species model with the residuals of the fits shown. A single species average molecular weight of 56.9 kDa was determined.

4. Figure S3: Determination of Cu(I) binding stoichiometry to apo-CsoR Sl using [Cu I (BCA) 2 ] 3- as a non-competitive probe. The absorbance at 562 nm in the visible spectrum of [Cu I (BCA) 2 ] 3- decreases to zero upon increasing amounts of apo-CsoR Strep. A plot of the absorbance change at 562 nm as a function of protein:Cu ratio reveals a stoichiometry of 1:1. Conditions used: 20 mM [apo-CsoR Sl ], 20 mM [Cu I ] total and 60 mM [BCA].

5. 44 hours 1326 ΔcsoR 90 hours 1326 ΔcsoR R5 + 0.1 μM Cu R5 + 10 μM Cu R5 + 50 μM BCDA R5 + 50 μM BPDA SFM MM glucose, mannitol Figure S4A: S. lividans 1326 (wild type) and the ΔcsoR mutant were plated on the media indicated and incubated at 30 o C. Pictures were taken after 44 hours and 90 hours. No significant differences between the two strains were observed regarding vegetative - and aerial growth and sporulation.

6. 0 μM250 μM500 μM750 μM1000 μM 1326 ΔcsoR Figure S4B S. lividans 1326 (wild type) and the ΔcsoR mutant were plated on MM (0.5% glucose, 0.5% mannitol) with the indicated [Cu 2+ ] and incubated at 30 o C. Pictures were taken after 90 hours. No significant differences between the two strains were observed regarding vegetative - and aerial growth and sporulation. On this solid medium growth stops completely at 1000 μM Cu 2+. Blown ups of individual colonies are taken with a stereo microscope and show that colony size is strongly reduced at 750 μM. Furthermore the colonies turn bluish at this copper concentration with the strongest staining for the ΔcsoR mutant.

7. Figure S5A. Growth curves of Streptomyces lividans wild type (1326) and the CsoR deletion mutant (ΔcsoR). Cultures were grown in 50 mL NMMP with 0.5% mannitol and 0.5% glucose in 250 mL baffled polycarbonate flasks with 0.2 μm vent caps (Corning), 30 0 C and 160 rpm in a NBS Innova 44 (2” orbit). The inoculum was ~10 7 spores/mL from a fresh spore stock. For the growth curves shown in Figure S6B the inoculum of the strains was varied somewhat to avoid the complete overlap of the curves. Cu(II) was added to a final concentration of 100, 400 750, 1000 μM to the medium at the time indicated. Growth was recorded by determining the dry biomass. Samples of 1.5 mL were collected in pre-dried eppendorftubes of known weight and mycelium was pelleted by centrifugation in an eppendorf centrifuge at 13.000 rpm for 10 minutes. After removal of the spent medium a short second run was applied and any residual liquid was removed. After 6 hours at 105 0 C the dry weight was determined on a analytical balance. Growth rates derived from these growth curves are listed in Table 2 (see manuscript). SD values for the growth rates are 0,01

8. Figure S5B

9. Figure S6

10. Figure S7

11. Figure S8: S200 gel-filtration of apo-CsoR Sl in complex with the 1045 DNA target. A pre-formed 1:4 complex of DNA:apo-CsoR Sl (monomer) resulted in the formation of a new peak, but with significant amounts of free DNA still present. At a 1:8 ratio the majority of the DNA was found bound to the protein, therefore indicating that two tetramers are required to bind the DNA target. Similar profiles were observed with the other DNA targets.

12. Figure S9: Changes in the UV region of the C75A apo-CsoR Sl base-lined spectrum upon addition of CuCl at pH 7.5, 20 o C. The inset shows the increase in absorbance at 240 nm plotted as a function of [Cu(I)]/[apo-C75A] revealing a saturation at ~ 1:1 molar ratio.