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Industry Fundamentals and Occupational Safety Unit 6

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Presentation on theme: "Industry Fundamentals and Occupational Safety Unit 6"— Presentation transcript:

1 Industry Fundamentals and Occupational Safety Unit 6
Rigging Equipment Industry Fundamentals and Occupational Safety Unit 6

2 Rigging Rigging is when you use equipment to move materials from one location to another. Through the use of equipment the material is attached to the physical machine doing the work to move the materials to the desired location. Basic Equipment: Slings Hitch Shackles Eyebolts Clamps Hooks There are many different machines used when rigging such as a crane. The rigging itself is the attaching of a desired item, load or material to a machine using specific equipment. Proper rigging is important to unsure safety on construction sites or when moving loads. The basic equipment used include slings, hitch, shackles, eyebolt, clamps and hooks, however there are various versions and used for each item that we will learn more about through this presentation.

3 Slings A sling is the device that connects the load to the machine doing the lifting. Three major types of slings: Synthetic Sling Alloy Steel Chain Sling Wire Rope Sling Sling Slings are very important in rigging because they are the link between the load and the machine. Slings are tough rope or chain materials. Different Slings are used based on the different loads.

4 Tagging All slings are required to be “tagged”. Tagging is a form of identification that gives the specifics of that particular type of sling. Synthetic Tagging Requirements: Manufacturer/Trade Mark Manufacturer’s stock number Rated capacity/ type of hitches Materials used to create sling Each type of sling will have specific information that required to be included. Capacity is the weight maximum that the sling can handle.

5 Tagging Alloy Steel Chain Tagging Requirements:
Manufacturer/Trade Mark Manufacturer’s stock number Link Size Rated Load and angle rating is based on Sling reach Wire Rope Tagging Requirements: Rated capacity in a vertical hitch/ other hitch options Size of wire rope It is important to note the differences between the slings. Steel chains require the link size because there can be variation between different chains and the weight it can hold. Wire roping varies on diameter.

6 Example of Tags: This chart shows real life tag examples. The tags vary based on the material of the sling itself.

7 Synthetic Sling Synthetic slings are made of modified synthetic fabrics that are weaved or roped together to provide strength. There are two main types of synthetic slings: Web Slings Round Slings Round Sling Synthetic slings are commonly used to lift loads of all variety. With their flexible uses they are especially used when handling items that can be easily damaged. Web Sling

8 Synthetic Web Sling Characteristics:
Soft and Wide Do not rust or erode Light weight Flexible and Elastic Less likely to twist when in use When using web slings it’s important to note that they can’t be exposed to high temperatures. Web slings also can be damaged through cuts, abrasions, and wear and tear. However, most synthetic web slings have “warning yarn” which indicate when exposed that the sling has too much damage and should no longer be used. Warning Yarn Web sling characteristics include that they are soft and wide don’t scratch or damage delicate surfaces. Do not rust or erode unlike wire ropes or chain slings. They are Light weight making web slings easily manageable. Flexible and Elastic which allows web slings to shape to the load and absorb shock. Lastly web slings are less likely to twist when in use verse wine and chain slings. Another type of web sling is a eye-and-eye that is created by sewing the end of the sling back onto the main sling creating loop holes.

9 Synthetic Web Sling Types
Synthetic endless web slings, also know as grommet slings, are a continuous circle of the fibers creating the sling Synthetic web eye-and-eye slings which are created by sewing an end of the sling to the the sling’s main body creating two loop holes When deciding which type of sling you will need use in your rig you need to consider the load and the hitch style. Eye and eye slings are ideal for choker hitches because they make for easy threading.

10 Synthetic Round Sling Round slings are endless and made from polyester filament yarn formed into a continuous circle. The yarn that makes the sling is covered by a woven sleeve of synthetic fiber to protect it. When the sling has been stretched beyond a safe limit, tattle-tail yarns will show indicating the need to retire the sling. Just like synthetic web slings, round slings have different sizes and weight capacities

11 Alloy Steel Chain Slings
Alloy steel chains can be used for many different rigging operations Chain slings are commonly used in high heat or rugged conditions. Alloyed Sling can be used in temperatures up to 500 degrees Chain slings are adjusted over the center of gravity The slings can be easily damaged if loads are dropped on them or wrapped tightly around corners. Alloy steel chains are commonly used for hitches in places such as coal factories or power plants where the slings will be exposed to high heats.

12 Alloy Steel Chain Sling Types
Single and double basket slings: the chain is attached to the master link in a permanent hitch Do not require end fitting hardware Chain bridle slings: have the option of two or four legged slings. Require hardware such as: eye hooks, grab hooks, plate hooks, or links There are many different types and sizes of links for Alloy Steel chains. Make sure to consider capacity and load type before selecting your chain.

13 Wire Rope Slings Wire rope slings are made from steel wires that are wrapped around a cord They are flexible and lighter than alloy chain slings The cords within the rope move and adjust based on the stresses placed on the rope when in use Basic Components: Supporting core High-grade steel wires Multiple center wires Wire Ropes can become easily damages. At the first signs of damage the rope needs to be retired from use. They rope however offer convince with slings being strong and easily moveable at the same time.

14 Wire Rope Slings: Supporting Core
Fiber cores Synthetic fabrics or vegetable fibers Strand cores Multiple strands all the same size Independent wire rope cores Separate wire ropes with their own core and strands The strong the wire rope the more cores and centers will be intertwine together to form the rope itself. If you notcie the wire rope becoming untwisted the wire rope will need to be retired from used immediately. The twist in the ropes helps give it it’s strength.

15 Hitches The hitch is the way the sling is arranged to hold a load, also referred to as rigging configuration. The type of hitch used depends on the sling, load, and the intended movement of the load while in motion. Types: Vertical Choker Basket

16 Vertical Hitch Vertical Hitches are used to lift a load straight up and down Another form of this hitch is a bridle hitch which consists of two or more legs within one hitch This form of hitch allows the load to rotate freely If you do not want the load to move freely you must use a form of load control Vertical Hitch

17 Choker Hitch A choker hitch is used when there are no direct points of attachment It is not recommended for loose bundles If the item is longer than 12 feet at least 2 choker hitches are recommended Choker hitches reduce the strength of the sling to about 25% of the original capacity The choker hitch is made by looping a sling around the load and pulling it through the eye creating a chocker around the load The passing through the eye is through a shackle

18 Basket Hitch Basket hitches are formed by placing the sling around the load and then placing both eyes on the hook. Basket hitches are very versatile and can be used as double basket hitches for larger loads When creating a double basket hitch make sure your sling is the correct strength Two Double Basket hitches

19 Rigging Hardware Rigging hardware is what connects the slings, loads, and lifts together. Without hardware none of the components of rigging could be physically connected Examples include: Shackles Eyebolts Clamps Rigging hooks

20 Shackles Shackles are used to hold pieces of the rig together such as multiple slings or to attach a specific item to a load Types of Shackles include: Anchor shackles Chain shackles Specialty shackles (used when a standard shackle will not work) Each shackle should be labeled with: Trademark Size of shackle Rated capacity Shackles are like the glue of rigging. They hold all the parts together and make sure that the rig is safe and secure at all times.

21 Eyebolts Eyebolts are bolts with an open end that allows threading through the bolt The shank end is attached directly to the load and the eye is used to thread and attach the sling Eyebolt are the essential hardware need to be able to hold everything together. Slings must be treaded through an eye hole found in the eye bolt to be properly rigged. Swivel Eye Bolt

22 Lifting Clamps Lifting clamps are used when there is not a use of a sling. Lifting clamps can only hold one item at a time. The clamps have a “jaw” function that grips the item to be lifted. Lifting clamps must be made of forged steel and stamped with maximum capacity The jaw size and the strength of the hook needed depends on the size of the object being transported. Lifting clamps are commonly used to transport large single items around a work site.

23 Rigging Hooks Rigging hooks are used to attach the sling bearing load to the machine doing the lifting Safety laches mush be on the rigging hook to prevent the sling from becoming unhooked There are many different types of hooks including: Shortening Clutches Grab hooks Reverse Eye hooks Sliding choker hooks Sorting hooks Eye hooks The types of hooks used will depend on the sling, size of load and machine being used to transport the load.


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