1. Combustion of hydrocarbons When hydrocarbons are heated in air they react with oxygen forming carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide or carbon, and water. The production of carbon dioxide and water is known as a complete combustion. The production of carbon monoxide and water or carbon and water are known as incomplete combustions. These reactions can be written as balanced chemical equations.

2. Write the 3 different balanced equations for the complete and incomplete combustions of butane. C 4 H 10 Complete Combustion +O2O2 CO 2 +H2OH2O 4 5 13 2 Incomplete Combustion C 4 H 10 +O2O2 CO+ H2OH2O 4 5 9 2 C 4 H 10 +O2O2 C+H2OH2O 4 5 5 2

3. When do incomplete combustions occur? When there is not enough oxygen to fuel the complete combustion. C 4 H 10 Complete Combustion +O2O2 CO 2 +H2OH2O 4 5 13 2 Incomplete Combustion C 4 H 10 +O2O2 CO+ H2OH2O 4 5 9 2 C 4 H 10 +O2O2 C+H2OH2O 4 5` 5 2

4. Write the 3 different balanced equations for the complete and incomplete combustions of propane. C3H8C3H8 Complete Combustion +O2O2 CO 2 +H2OH2O 3 4 5 Incomplete Combustion C3H8C3H8 +O2O2 CO+ H2OH2O 3 4 7 2 C3H8C3H8 +O2O2 C+H2OH2O 3 4 2

5. When do incomplete combustions occur? When there is insufficient oxygen. C3H8C3H8 Complete Combustion +O2O2 CO 2 +H2OH2O 3 4 5 Incomplete Combustion C3H8C3H8 +O2O2 CO+ H2OH2O 3 4 7 2 C3H8C3H8 +O2O2 C+H2OH2O 3 4 2

6. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H

7. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H

8. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H

9. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H

10. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H H O H

11. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H H O H

12. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H H O H

13. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H H O H

14. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide When calcium carbide is added to water it produces acetylene gas (also known as Ethyne). CC 2- C 2 2- carbide ion CC H O H H O H 1- ethyne

15. Making Ethyne Using Calcium carbide The balanced chemical equation is: CC H O H H O H 1- ethyne CaC 2 + H 2 O -----> C 2 H 2 + Ca(OH) 2 2 The net ionic equation is: C 2 2- + H 2 O -----> C 2 H 2 + OH 1- 2 2