1. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Rationale: Development and demonstration of technical readiness for future opportunities, like DIOS (JAXA, 2009) and NEXT (JAXA, 2012), XEUS/CON-X (ESA/NASA/JAXA, > 2015), ESTREMO (ASI, 2012) and small scale ground-based or balloon-borne opportunities in the Sub-mm Creation of a roadmap with a clearly specified near-term goal as a tool to create focus, enable useful participation of partners, and improve the strategic position of Europe (and SRON) in the field of cryogenic instrumentation Enabling an integrated performance tests at an X-ray radiation source facility

2. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Prototype elements : ADR cooler with radiation entrance window X-ray transmission and IR – UV blocking filters for entrance window ≥ 5 x 5 prototype sensor array FDM read-out electronics representative for a space mission Instrument control unit with control and data acquisition software Data analysis software Extensive system testing at suitable X-ray beams Executed in 2005 – 2007 (3 years) in collaboration with suitable partners Parallel development and verification of key issues (research on energy resolution and pixel size)

3. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Description of elements 1. ADR COOLER with ENTRANCE WINDOW Could either be purchased from JANIS or CSP (Very Cold) or delivered by a partner (MSSL?) Questions/requirements: Helium cooled or mechanically cooled system? Magnetic field shielding

4. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Description of elements 2. Sensor head design Packaging of sensor array, LC-filters and SQUIDs on coldfinger 3. Magnetic field generation and shielding (inside ADR) 4. X-ray entrance filters and IR – UV blocking filters 5. Harness and adequate EMI shielding/blocking

5. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Description of elements 6. Sensor Array 5 x 5 arrays are at present under development by SRON/MESA under an ESA TRP contract. Larger arrays might become available later as well

6. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Description of elements 7. Frequency Division Multiplexed read-out Baseline at this moment is Base band Feedback. Is expected to be developed by SRON/VTT in a forthcoming ESA TRP contract

7. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Sub-elements of FDM are: 8. AC-bias sources have to be developed The frequency range considered is 0.5 – 10 MHz and should be software tunable in frequency and amplitude Quality has to be 138 dBc. (SRON/Partner) 9. LC–filters operate cold and are made in thin film technology Baseline is to have one bias frequency per row (option B). This will require tuning of the capacitors after measurement of the resonance frequency. The capacitors require high Q (660 – 4000) (SRON/VTT/Partner) 10. SQUID-amplifier and base-band feedback loop (VTT) SQUID current amplifier with large dynamic range Warm low-noise amplifier SQUID-to-warm amplifier coupling (transformer, array SQUID, cold amplifier) DEMUX and MUX with small delay. Trade-off between a digital DEMUX and MUX that can meet the required small delay and a fully analogue system is required

8. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Description of elements Sub-elements of FDM are: 11. Demultiplexer of signal from baseband-feedback loop Baseline is to down convert certain frequency bands of the data stream so that they can be digitized without loss of information. Subsequently the signals can become retrieved from the data- stream by digital multiplication with the carriers and subsequent filtering. (Partner)

9. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 CRYOGENIC SPECTROMETER PROTOTYPE Description of elements A.System requirements, design, and interfaces definitions. Integration and testing (SRON) B. Data analysis This part contains the optimized filtering algorithms for retrieval of the most accurate energy for each event and software for display and handling of spectra, I – V curves, etc (Partner) C. Instrument Control This combination of hardware and software is required to control the instrument, set bias voltages for sensors and SQUIDs, set modes, etc. (SRON/partner) D. Project planning

10. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 Cryogenic Spectrometer Prototype Summary table of links with existing efforts ItemDescriptionStatus ADRDelivery by ESA/MSSL in CIS- contract Now expected 2 nd Q 2005 sensor mounting/harness Leicester responsible in CIS- contract On hold 5 x 5 detector arraysUnder production in present CIS- contract Fully wired arrays by 1stQ 2005 SQUIDsWill be produced in the forthcoming X-10 contract Partly available already Data acquisition unitLeicester will deliver that within CIS-contract Not really started Low level effort

11. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 Cryogenic Spectrometer Prototype Elements of the plan Design derived from a design for a 32 x 32 array Requirement goal are the XEUS requirements used so far or the XEUS low-energy spectrometer specifications (TBD) Count rate for the overall system < 500 c/s System set-up should aim for a reasonable amount of modularity without that becoming a cost driver Readout of a > 5 x 5 array by a 4 x 8 or 2 x 16 FDM system Default frequencies between 1 – 10 MHz. Frequency separation such that low and high frequencies are present and close packing is tested Harness should meet the thermal requirements for a mission like XEUS and should allow for about twice the number of channels as defined above The system should be software controlled, have log files and an adequate amount of housekeeping information The design should be robust against EMI The work should enable a serious participation of external partners Period about 3 years

12. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 Cryogenic Spectrometer Prototype Project flow Specification of requirements System study for XEUS-type instrument in order to define the baseline system and sub-systems Definition of prototype system and sub-system elements, estimation of project size (manpower, cost, schedule) and division of work among partners Definition of interfaces, and sub-system requirements Design, fabrication, and tests of sub-units Integration of sub-units and performance tests on integrated systems Integrated science tests at X-ray radiation source Data analysis and reporting

13. XEUS cryogenic instrument 26 - 27 October 2004 Cryogenic Spectrometer Prototype