1. What Are Protocols Last Update 2009.06.29 1.0.0 1Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

2. What Are Protocols Protocols are ways of doing things They are procedures or rules of the road There are two different types of protocols we will be dealing with here They are –Routing Protocols –Routed Protocols 2 Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

3. What is a Routing Protocol What is a routing protocol These are network layer protocols that are responsible for path determination and traffic switching These have to do with the actual routes the packets take and how that path is calculated These protocols include RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, and BGP Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 3

4. What is a Routing Protocol Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 4

5. What is a Routed Protocol What is a routed protocol These protocols are routed by the routing protocols They are concerned with the construction and transport of the data itself regardless of how it arrives at its destination When the OSI model talks about encapsulation, this is what it is referring to Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 5

6. What is a Routed Protocol These cover all 7 layers of the OSI model These protocols contain enough information in the fields in their headers that allow the packet to be routed from one network to another Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 6

7. What is a Routed Protocol Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 7

8. Handling Other Protocol Stacks In the old days other routed protocols were used, such as –IPX/SPX –AppleTalk –SNA –DECnet Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 8

9. IPX/SPX IPX/SPX was developed by Novell for use over LANs IPX can be, but usually is not these days, routed over a WAN link In general direct routing of IPX has given way to tunneling In tunneling the IPX packet is hidden inside of an TCP/IP packet Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 9

10. AppleTalk AppleTalk was developed by Apple to allow Macs to talk to each other This was originally in a LAN type environment In the second version AppleTalk was enhanced so that two AppleTalk networks could talk to each other over a link, such as a WAN link Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 10

11. AppleTalk In practice AppleTalk is not directly transmitted over a WAN link Instead like IPX it is sent through an IP tunnel Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 11

12. SNA SNA - Systems Network Architecture is IBM's protocol stack for its mainframe and mini computers It dates from the 1970s It is normally used in a direct connection between large computers, through a gateway for PCs and the like, or over a circuit such as X.25 Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 12

13. SNA Much like X.25, SNA assumes if anything can go wrong, it will As such it has extensive error correcting and reporting capabilities The form of SNA used for minicomputers and LANs is APPN - Advanced Peer-to- Peer Networking Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 13

14. DECnet DECnet was designed in 1975 to connect Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputers It was DECs protocol stack Of course DEC is now owned by Compaq, which is now owned by Hewlett-Packard As such this is a still discussed, but not much used protocol these days Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 14

15. DECnet Like SNA it is sent over a direct connection between two DEC type computers or through a gateway Copyright 2005-2009 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 15