1. Bellringer 5 minutes to finish your study guide
We will go over the answers together in class.

2. Ch 25-29 & 33 Animals Study Guide Answers!!!

3. Vocab
Amniotic egg: reproductive organ surrounded by amniotic fluid and membranes for protection
Cephalization: concentration of sensory/brain structures at the front of the body
Dioecious: havign two distinct genders
Endotherm: warm-blooded; stable internal temp
Ectotherm: cold-blooded; controlled by environment
Hermaphrodite: having both male and female reproductive organs

4. Vocab Cont’d
Mandibles: mouth parts used for holding, chewing, biting, sucking
Metamorphosis: changes in shape and body during development
Molting: shedding exoskeleton and forming a new one
Nematocyst: stinging cells
Sessile: fixed to one place
Spicules: tiny hard particles that make up the skeleton

5. List the 6 Characteristics that all animals have.
-Multicellular, Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic, Have to digest food, Lack cell walls, Ability to move
2. Draw a four legged animal—label the four anatomical directions—anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, superior and inferior.
Dorsal/Posterior—towards the back
Ventral/Anterior—towards the front
Superior—towards the head
Inferior—towards the bottom

6. 3. Explain the three types of symmetry and name one animal with each
3. Explain the three types of symmetry and name one animal with each. Radial- body can be cut through any plane and be exactly alike (Ex: Starfish) Bilateral – body can be cut in two with both halves being exactly alike. (Ex: Humans) Asymmetry--body with an irregular shape (Ex- Sponges) 4. Explain the 2 types of digestive systems (complete vs. incomplete) and name one animal with each Incomplete digestive system: one opening; food and waste enter and exit from the same opening Complete digestive system: two openings; food enters the mouth and wastes exit the anus

7. 5. Explain the 2 types of circulatory systems (closed vs. open).
Open circulation—fluid pumped from vessels into body cavity, then returned to vessels (Ex. arthropods and most mollusks)
Closed circulation-- fluid stays in vessels (Ex. some mollusks, higher invertebrates, and all vertebrates)
6. Explain the 2 types of fertilization—number of eggs for each??? (internal vs. external)
External fertilization- egg and sperm are released into the water; large numbers of eggs
Internal fertilization- eggs are fertilized by sperm inside the mother’s body; fewer numbers of eggs

8. 7. Which vertebrates are ectothermic? Which are endothermic?
Ectothermic—Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia
Endothermic—Aves, Mammals
8. What class of invertebrates will sting you?
--Cnidarians
9. How many legs do insects have? How many legs do arachnids have?
--Insects: 6 --Arachnids: 8

9. 10. What does the name “Echinodermata” mean. “Chondrichthyes”
10. What does the name “Echinodermata” mean? “Chondrichthyes”? “Osteichthyes”? “Amphibian”? Name one animal in each group.
Echinodermata—”spiny skinned”—starfish
Chondrichthyes—”cartilage fish”—shark
Osteichthyes—”Bone fish”—catfish
Amphibia—”double life”—frog
11. List the 5 Characteristics that all Chordates have.
*Have a dorsal notochord, that becomes the spine.
An endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone.
Pharyngeal slits or gill pouches during development.
A dorsal nerve cord.
Post-anal tail

10. 12. List the 6 classes of Vertebrates and two animals that belong to each. Then list two traits about each class (appearance mostly)
Chondrichthyes: (sharks/rays)--have fins and scales, breathe with gills.
Osteichthyes: (salmon/perch)--have fins and scales, breathe with gills.
Amphibia: (frogs/salamanders)--smooth, moist skin, no claws or scales
- Reptilia: (snakes/lizards)--body covered w/scales or plates, have lungs/scales & plates/claws
Aves: (robin/ostrich)-- have wings and feathers, parents incubate eggs
Mammals: (whales/humans)-- have hair & mammary glands, have a diaphragm

11. 13. What is unique about a monotreme mammal. A marsupial mammal
13. What is unique about a monotreme mammal? A marsupial mammal? Name an animal of each group.
Monoteme—only mammals that lay eggs (platypus)
Marsupial—carry their young in a pouch (kangeroo)
14. What makes an animal a vertebrate? An invertebrate?
Vertebrate = backbone
Invertebrate = no backbone

12. 15. Copy the following prompts
15. Copy the following prompts. Then name the vertebrate class that was the first in the evolutionary sequence to have each trait.
a. Three chambered heart = Amphibia
b. Internal fertilization = Reptilia
c. Use of an amniotic egg = Reptilia
d. Warm-blooded = Aves
e. Four chambered heart = Aves
f. Birth to live young = Mammals