1. www.prevail-fp7.eu 1 PRecursors of ExplosiVes: Additives to Inhibit their use including Liquids PREVAIL

2. www.prevail-fp7.eu 2 Coordinator of PREVAIL and Point of Contact: Malin Kölhed, Ph D, M Sc Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI Senior Research Scientist prevail@foi.se PREVAIL

3. www.prevail-fp7.eu PREVAIL – background New York, Madrid, London, Oslo

4. www.prevail-fp7.eu PREVAIL – background Illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in explosives by criminals and their use for criminal purposes (UN 2002) On measures to ensure greater security in explosives, detonators, bomb-making equipment and fire-arms (EU COM (2005) 329 final) “Enhancing the Security of Explosives”, Report of the explosives security expert task force

5. www.prevail-fp7.eu PREVAIL – background Action Plan (FP7)

6. www.prevail-fp7.eu 6 Call addressed by the project Security Research Call 2, Topic SEC-2009.1.3.3 Call Collaborative project 10 partners Funding scheme September 2010 – October 2013 Duration 4,3 M€ Budget Properties of improvised explosive devices (in particular liquid explosives) regarding in particular additives to precursors to explosives; either by adding inhibitors to prevent them from being used to manufacture improvised explosive devices, or by adding markers to allow for easier detection. Technical content / scope:

7. www.prevail-fp7.eu 7 The PREVAIL Consortium

8. www.prevail-fp7.eu 8 PREVAIL prevents production Transportation Obtaining material Prepare and produce Execution Terrorist timeline Planning and financing Intelligence Monitoring trade Chance / Informants Chance / Detection Counter terrorism timeline

9. www.prevail-fp7.eu 9 This is why Home made explosives [HME] are easy to make from materials that are easy to buy. This availability attracts terrorists and criminals to manufacture and use HME.

10. www.prevail-fp7.eu 10 PREVAIL objectives PREVAIL is an innovative approach to inhibit the use of some common materials for use as precursors to explosives and to allow for easier detection.

11. www.prevail-fp7.eu 11 PREVAIL boundary conditions Without causing any adverse effects on the environment or on people’s health Or obstructing the legitimate use of these materials

12. Project outline WP 300 Inhibitors XX WP 300 Inhibitors XX WP 400 Inhibitors YY WP 400 Inhibitors YY WP 500 Novel markers/ detection systems WP 500 Novel markers/ detection systems WP 700 Health and Environment WP 700 Health and Environment WP 200 Industrial Acceptability WP 200 Industrial Acceptability WP 600 Risk reduction Roadmap for future work WP 600 Risk reduction Roadmap for future work WP 100 Dissemination WP 100 Dissemination WP 000 Management WP 000 Management

13. WP 300 and WP 400: Inhibitors Finding inhibitors to prevent concentration of dilute readily available products by boiling off water (WP 300). Finding inhibitors to prevent production of home made explosives by readily available products (WP 400). These inhibitors will be tested for function and removal in lab scale and validated in large scale testing (WP 300) or validated on a realistic scale (WP 400) The results within these WPs will not be open to the public

14. WP 500: Marker/detection system Markers to increase the detectability of invisible bombs will be developed. These markers will be developed to suit specific detectors. These markers will be environmentally friendly, non-toxic and bio degradable The results will not be open to the public Quartz Crystal Microbalance detectors Bee Biodetector Fluorescense marker

15. www.prevail-fp7.eu 15 WP 700: Health and Environment The suggested additives and markers must be non-toxic and safe to health and environment PREVAIL includes a theoretical study including chemical and physical properties, mechanism of toxic action, toxicokinetics, risk assessment and dose-response analysis When necessary, screening tests will be performed

16. www.prevail-fp7.eu 16 WP 200: Industrial acceptability This project will strongly influence manufacturers, users, legislators and governmental security agencies PREVAIL provides a bridge between the project and the stakeholders by means of presentations and workshops PREVAIL will identify if added inhibitors and markers need extra testing for safety

17. www.prevail-fp7.eu 17 WP 600: Precursor Risk Reduction Strategy A roadmap for future R&D and actions will be prepared PREVAIL identifies criteria for industrial implementation of inhibitors and markers Usefulness of developed additives for other precursors will be addressed Required future research will be proposed

18. WP 000 & WP 100: Management and Dissemination WP 000 will ensure a well functioning communication and project management of the project. As well as being responsible for maintaining a proper security level. WP 100 will disseminate project results. PREVAIL is a security restricted project and only certain results of the project can be publicly disseminated.

19. www.prevail-fp7.eu WP 100: Dissemination Final Workshop 10-11 September 2013 FOI Grindsjön (40 km south of Stockholm) EU Restricted EU Confidential Demonstrations

20. www.prevail-fp7.eu Acknowledgements The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 241858.