2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS RUSSIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN RUSSIA FLOODS WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES WILDFIRES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES

4. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s atmospheric- hydrospheric- lithospheric interactions cause:  FLOODS

5. RUSSIA

6. Russia, the largest country in the world, and the only one surrounded by twelve seas and spread out on two continents, has many communities that are at risk from riverine flooding, flash floods, and floods from windstorms.

7. RUSSIA’S RIVERS: AMONG THE IMPORTANT RIVERS OF THE WORLD

8. RUSSIA’S RIVERS

9. RUSSIA HAS MANY RIVERS THAT HAVE EXPERIENCED FLOODING Russia’s rivers in Europe include: the Volga, the Don, the Kama, the Oka, and the Northern Dvina. In Asia, Russia’s rivers include: the Ob, the Irtysh, the Yenisev, the Angara, the Lena, the Amur, the Yana, the Indiqirka, and the Kolyma.

10. ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

11. HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK

12. FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS ) TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED NORMALLY IN THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE EROSION SCOUR MUDFLOWS

13. THE VOLGA, “MOTHER VOLGA,” IS EUROPE’S LONGEST RIVER

14. FLOOD ON THE VOLGA: APRIL 2012

15. THE FLOOD HAZARDS ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

16. A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN WHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH RUSSIA’S COMMUNITIES

17. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

18. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,..) intersect at a point in space and time.

19. Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

20. THE REASONS ARE... When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.

21. THE REASONS ARE... The community is UN- PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence— high-probability of adverse consequences event.

22. THE REASONS ARE... The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

23. THE REASONS ARE... The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

24. THE REASONS ARE... The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

25. FLOODS IN RUSSIA MARCH 2010 SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA

26. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin warned that thousands of Russian towns and villages could be affected by "unusually strong" spring floods as record snowfall melted after the harshest winter in years.

27. Military planes and helicopters were called in to help cope with floods in the basins of the Ob, Angara, Yenisei, Lena and Amur Rivers by carrying out surveillance missions and breaking up ice jams.

28. 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER JULY 2012

29. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER The 2012 Russian floods occurred in Krasnodar Krai (southwest Russia near the coast of the Black sea as the result of the equivalent of five months of rain (275 mm (10 inches) falling overnight.

30. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER 144 people died during the floods. The floods damaged the homes of nearly 13,000 people.

31. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER Approximately 30,000 people were adversely impacted by the floods.

32. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD

34. RECORD FLOODING ALONG AMUR RIVER NEAR KHABAROVSK, RUSSIA August 23, 2013

35. LOCATION MAP

36. RECORD FLOODING IN EASTERN RUSSIA  The water in the Amur River near Khabarovsk reached 720 cm (24 ft), exceeding the historic level of 642 cm set during the flood of 1897 over a century ago.

37. RUSSIA’S AMUR RIVER

38. PREPARING FOR A RECORD CREST OF THE AMUR RIVER

39. BUT..., THE RAIN AND RUNOFF AFTER A DIMINISHED SUPER TYPHOON UTOR MADE LANDFALL IN CHINA EXACERBATED FLOODING IN EASTERN RUSSIA

40. TYPHOON UTOR: AUGUST 14

41. IMPACTS IN RUSSIA The flooding devastated the homes of more than 31 thousand people, and adversely affected more than 21 million people in various ways. More than 15 thousand people were evacuated. Economic losses exceeded 3 billion rubles.

42. HEALTH CARE CONCERNS As flooding conditions worsened, unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological conditions developed throughout the area, exacerbating the risk of water-borne diseases. The flooding also created an urgent need for safe drinking water.

43. INUNDATION

44. WITH ITS MANY RIVERS,RUSSIA’S NEXT FLOOD IS INEVITABLE ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT.

45. THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

46. RUSSIA’S COMMINITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS FLOOD HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION FLOOD RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

47. DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS PURPOSE PROTECTION THREAT IDENTIFICATION AND WARNING PURPOSE PROTECTION THREAT IDENTIFICATION AND WARNING TECHNIQUE WETLANDS, RESERVOIRS, LEVEES, DAMS REMOTE SENSING; COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TECHNIQUE WETLANDS, RESERVOIRS, LEVEES, DAMS REMOTE SENSING; COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

48. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI- FICATION FOR SMART COUNTER- MEASURES IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

49. EXAMPLE OF FLOOD PROTECTION: A DAM

50. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL THE LIKELY FLOOD HAZARDS (E.G., HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL) IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

51. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

52. DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS PURPOSE DO NOT BUILD IN THE FLOODPLAIN FACILITATE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION PURPOSE DO NOT BUILD IN THE FLOODPLAIN FACILITATE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE URBAN PLANNING A FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAMME TECHNIQUE URBAN PLANNING A FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAMME