1. Biofuels By: Tiffany Morgan Christina Savage Jenna Warner

2. What are Biofuels used for and what are they made from? Used For: Biodiesel and Ethanol Biodiesel and Ethanol ~ Fuels used to run cars and diesel engines. ~ Used as an alternative source of gasoline.

3. Source of Biofuels In the United States made from: In the United States made from: ~Corn, switchgrass, and soybean In Europe made from: In Europe made from: ~Rapeseed, wheat, and sugar beet In Brazil made from: sugar cane In Brazil made from: sugar cane

4. Biodiesel Biodiesel Biodiesel is a clean alternative fuel, which is produced from domestic, renewable sources. It is also a chemical process that separates “glycerine” and methyl esters from fats and vegetable oils. It is non-petroleum diesel and is biodegradable, non-toxic, and free of sulfur and aromatics. Biodiesel can work in any diesel engine and is more efficient than regular gasoline engine The chemical formula for biodiesel is B20 What is Biodiesel? Modifications? Modifications for biodiesel run according to the vehicle. Modifications are only necessary for some vehicles, other are not used.

5. Ethanol What is ethanol? Ethanol gas, also known as “ethyl alcohol”, is an alternative fuel fermented from corn, grains or agriculture waste or it is chemically extracted from ethylene. Ethanol gas, also known as “ethyl alcohol”, is an alternative fuel fermented from corn, grains or agriculture waste or it is chemically extracted from ethylene. It is a clear, colorless, liquid with an odor and taste It is a clear, colorless, liquid with an odor and taste It is drinkable and the ingredient for beer and wine. It is drinkable and the ingredient for beer and wine. For vehicles, it is a high performance motor fuel, so it is good for the environment For vehicles, it is a high performance motor fuel, so it is good for the environment The chemical formula for ethanol is C20 The chemical formula for ethanol is C20 biodiesel and ethanol are made from two different oils Biodiesel is made from oil and fats, and ethanol is made from sugar crops like sugar cane, and starch

6. Positives of Biofuels It produces 78% less carbon dioxide (CO2) than normal diesel fuel It produces 78% less carbon dioxide (CO2) than normal diesel fuel Biodiesel can be used in all diesel engines Biodiesel can be used in all diesel engines They reduce greenhouse gas emissions They reduce greenhouse gas emissions Biodegradable Biodegradable Non-toxic Non-toxic Creates job opportunies in the rural workplace Creates job opportunies in the rural workplace Renewable Renewable Engines last longer when using it. Engines last longer when using it. Biodiesel is classified as a non- flammable liquid aka pure biodiesel far safer in an accident than gasoline. Biodiesel is classified as a non- flammable liquid aka pure biodiesel far safer in an accident than gasoline.

8. Negatives of Biofuels In order to harvest, the tractors use fossil fuels, which are harmful. In order to harvest, the tractors use fossil fuels, which are harmful. Feeding Cars vs Feeding People; limited resources. Feeding Cars vs Feeding People; limited resources. Biodiversity- less land for animals to live Biodiversity- less land for animals to live Having to pay for car adjustments. Having to pay for car adjustments. http://cupblog.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/ethanol-effect.jpg

9. Are Biofuels Carbon Neutral? Step 1: When Biofuels are burned they release Carbon (CO2). Step 2: The carbon is than released back into the atmosphere where plants convert the carbon into plant material like glucose; which is done through photosynthesis. Basically Carbon is removed from the atmosphere, stored in plants and then released when the biofuels are burned. * For every gram of carbon released when burned by a biofuel equals a gram of carbon being removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis.

10. Almost – the problem is, fossil fuels are used to FARM the crops and made into biofuels. So, are biofuels carbon neutral?

11. Biodiesel made from oils of plant Biodiesel made from oils of plant Waste vegetable oils Waste vegetable oils (like from McDonalds) Oil Seed Plantations Oil Seed Plantations Ethanol made from fermented plant sugars and starches Ethanol made from fermented plant sugars and starches Ethanol is a very strong alcohol Ethanol is a very strong alcohol Made From Made From

12. Producers of Ethonol America mainly uses Corn The amount of fuel and oil needed to use ethanol is greater than the value of energy ethanol provides. The gasoline along with other oils and chemicalsIt definitely makes more sense to switch sources. The gasoline along with other oils and chemicals Using corn, 1.76 gallons of gasoline= 2.66 gallons of ethanol Future biofuels should be made of the best resources: cellulosic biomass wood chips, trash, and switch grass.

13. Resources http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and- disadvantages-of-biofuels.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and- disadvantages-of-biofuels.html http://www.bdpedia.com/re/be/adv/adv.html http://www.bdpedia.com/re/be/adv/adv.htmlhttp://discove rmagazine.com/2008/oct/03-anything-into-ethanol http://newfarm.rodaleinstitute.org/news/2005/0705/07070 5/ethanol.shtmlhttp://ezinearticles.com/?Carbon-Neutral- --What-Does-It-Mean?&id=339090 http://newfarm.rodaleinstitute.org/news/2005/0705/07070 5/ethanol.shtmlhttp://ezinearticles.com/?Carbon-Neutral- --What-Does-It-Mean?&id=339090 http://alternativefuels.about.com/od/ethanol/a/whatsetha nol.htm http://www.habmigern2003.info/biogas/biofuels.html http://www.habmigern2003.info/biogas/biofuels.html http://www.biodiesel.org/markets/pas/ http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol.html