1. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Chapter Three Configuring Windows Server 2008 Storage Services

2. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Objectives Describe basic storage terminology Utilize the Disk Management console to perform disk management tasks Create new volumes and partitions Add a mirror to a volume Manage a Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) and create and attach a VHD Describe the use of mount points and multipath I/O (MPIO) 2

3. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Objectives (cont’d.) Create mount points and install MPIO Describe the use of and configure the Microsoft Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) Software Initiator Manage storage devices with Storage Manager for SANs Define a server cluster in Storage Manager for SANs 3

4. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Basic Storage Terminology Physical drive –Hard drive –Can be partitioned into multiple logical drives Cluster –Smallest amount of disk space used as an allocation unit for holding a file Partition –Dividing a drive into multiple logical drives (partitions) 4

5. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Basic Storage Terminology (cont’d.) Primary partition –Contains one file system and is marked as a bootable partition Extended partition –Partitions that are not bootable Volume –Single logical storage area and file system Spanned volume –Hard disk sections from different disks combined and referred to as a single element 5

6. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Basic Storage Terminology (cont’d.) Striped volume –Data written across multiple disks to increase performance Mirror volume –Data from one disk is copied to another disk to increase fault tolerance Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) –Used to increase storage performance and fault tolerance –Implemented through software or hardware 6

7. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Overview of Disk Management Capabilities Windows Server 2008 supports: –Basic disks Can be partitioned Supported by previous versions of Windows –Dynamic disks Divided into volumes Supported by windows 2000 and later Disk Management console used to perform disk management tasks –Part of the Server Manager console 7

8. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-1: Explore the Disk Management Console Open a command prompt Enter Diskmgmt.msc to display the Disk Management console Disk Management can also be displayed in the Server Manager –Open Server Manager, click Storage, Disk Management Click each volume in top center pane and note highlighted corresponding volume in bottom center pane 8

9. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 9 Figure 3-1 Disk Management console ©Cengage Learning 2012

10. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 10 Figure 3-2 Disk Management in Server Manager ©Cengage Learning 2012

11. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-1: Explore the Disk Management Console (cont’d.) Right-click a volume to display a context menu that displays various actions –Certain options may not be available, depending on type and status of each volume 11

12. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Initializing a New Disk When installing a new disk: –First initialize the disk if not formatted If disk is offline, must first be brought online 12

13. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-2: Set a Disk Online Open Server Manager Expand Storage and select Disk Management Right-click the offline disk you want to bring online Select Online After the disk is online, you can initialize the disk 13

14. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 14 Figure 3-3 Bringing a disk online using Disk Management ©Cengage Learning 2012

15. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-3: Initialize a Disk Open Server Manager Expand Storage and select Disk Management Right-click Disk Management and select Rescan Disks Right-click the unallocated disk labeled Unknown –Select Initialize Disk Choose partition style in the Initialize Disk dialog box –Select MBR (Master Boot Record) –Click OK 15

16. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 16 Figure 3-4 Rescan Disks ©Cengage Learning 2012

17. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 17 Figure 3-5 Selecting to initialize disk ©Cengage Learning 2012

18. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 18 Figure 3-6 Initialize Disk dialog box ©Cengage Learning 2012

19. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Basic and Dynamic Disks Common tasks with basic disks –Create and delete partitions and logical drives –Format partitions and mark as active –Convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk Common tasks with dynamic disks –Create, delete or remove volumes –Extend volumes –Manage RAID volumes –Convert from a dynamic disk to a basic disk 19

20. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-4: Convert a Disk to a Dynamic Disk Open Server Manager Expand Storage and select Disk Management Right-click the disk you want to convert to a dynamic disk –Select Convert to Dynamic Disk Select disks to convert in the Convert to Dynamic Disk dialog box –Click OK –Click Convert if necessary, in the Disks to Convert dialog box 20

21. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 21 Figure 3-7 Selecting Convert to Dynamic Disk ©Cengage Learning 2012

22. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 22 Figure 3-8 Convert to Dynamic Disk dialog box ©Cengage Learning 2012

23. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-4: Convert a Disk to a Dynamic Disk (cont’d.) Microsoft Server 2008 will display a warning about converting to a dynamic disk –Click Yes –The disk will display in Disk Management as a dynamic disk 23

24. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 24 Figure 3-9 Disk displays as dynamic disk ©Cengage Learning 2012

25. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Creating a Volume or Partition Can create on a disk that has empty space For basic disks, Server 2008 creates a primary partition For dynamic disks, Server 2008 creates a volume Extended disks are used primarily for data storage Potential volume types –Simple, spanned, mirrored, striped, and RAID-5 25

26. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-5: Create a New Volume or Partition Open Server Manager Expand Storage and select Disk Management Right-click the unallocated disk Select the type of volume or partition to create Click Next to start the Wizard Select disk you want to add to the volume set and click Add –Repeat for additional disks to add to the volume set –Click Next 26

27. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 27 Figure 3-10 Type of volume to create ©Cengage Learning 2012

28. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 28 Figure 3-11 The Wizard begins ©Cengage Learning 2012

29. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 29 Figure 3-12 Select Disks dialog box ©Cengage Learning 2012

30. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-5: Create a New Volume or Partition (cont’d.) Select desired drive letter or mount point –Click Next Select desired formatting options from the Format Volume page –Click Next –Click Finish Click Yes when the message displays if you are converting to a dynamic disk The new volume is displayed in Disk Management 30

31. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 31 Figure 3-13 Select drive letter or mount point ©Cengage Learning 2012

32. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 32 Figure 3-14 Message when converting to dynamic disk ©Cengage Learning 2012

33. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 33 Figure 3-15 New volume displays in Disk Management ©Cengage Learning 2012

34. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Extending a Volume Growing businesses can require additional space for data storage Common task –Add space to a volume using an extended volume Simple or spanned volumes –Can easily extend the volume –Do not need to back up or restore files –Do not need to reboot the system Many organizations back up data before performing any major operation 34

35. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-6: Extend a Volume Open Server Manager Expand Storage and Select Disk Management Right-click the volume Select Extend Volume The Extend Volume Wizard opens –Click Next If necessary, highlight the desired disks that have unallocated space and click Add Specify amount of space to add and click Next 35

36. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 36 Figure 3-16 Extend Volume ©Cengage Learning 2012

37. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 37 Figure 3-17 Extend Volume Wizard ©Cengage Learning 2012

38. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 38 Figure 3-18 Select disks and space to add ©Cengage Learning 2012

39. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Adding a Mirror to a Volume Purpose of adding a mirror to a volume –Increases fault-tolerance –If one disk fails, data is available on the mirrored disk –Primarily used for back ups Mirrored volumes cost more –Require double the disk storage Value of having an exact copy of critical data –May outweigh the added cost Mirrors can be created when volume is created, or added later 39

40. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-7: Add a Mirror to a Volume Open Server Manager Expand Storage and select Disk Management Right-click the desired volume and select Add Mirror The Add Mirror dialog box displays Select disk to use as mirror disk Click Add Mirror –If prompted to convert to a dynamic disk, click Yes 40

41. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 41 Figure 3-19 Add Mirror ©Cengage Learning 2012

42. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 42 Figure 3-20 Add Mirror dialog box ©Cengage Learning 2012

43. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 43 Figure 3-21 Creating the mirrored disk ©Cengage Learning 2012

44. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Manage Virtual Hard Disks Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) –Format specification typically used with Hyper-V functionality –Seen as a hard disk but implemented as a single file on the host –Can support the native file system without conflicting with the server’s file system –Appears in Disk Management as a color-coded physical disk 44

45. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Manage Virtual Hard Disks (cont’d.) Advantages of a VHD –Restoration and backup –Deployment –Isolation Disk Management is used to manage a VHD –To manage, need membership in Backup Operators or Administrators groups 45

46. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-8: Create and Attach a VHD in Disk Management Select Create VHD on the Disk Management console’s Action menu –The Create and Attach Virtual Hard Disk dialog box displays Specify the location to store the VHD and the size of the VHD In the Virtual hard disk format section, select desired option (Dynamically expanding or Fixed size) –Click OK 46

47. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 47 Figure 3-23 Virtual hard disk format ©Cengage Learning 2012

48. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-8: Create and Attach a VHD in Disk Management (cont’d.) Select Attach VHD on the Disk Management console’s Action menu –The Create and Attach Virtual Hard Disk dialog box displays Click Browse, navigate to and click the VHD file –Click Open 48

49. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 49 Figure 3-25 Specify the VHD location ©Cengage Learning 2012

50. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Mount Points Enable access to a volume from a folder on another disk Mount point folder can be assigned to a drive Often used to extend beyond the 26-drive letter limitation Can be used on basic or dynamic volumes Must have an NTFS format Mount point folders must be created on empty folders Mount point folder paths cannot be modified 50

51. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-9: Create a Mount Point Open Server Manager Expand Storage and select Disk Management Right-click the volume and select Change Drive Letter and Paths Click Add… In the Add Drive Letter or Path dialog box, enter the path to an empty folder Click OK to add the path and close the dialog box 51

52. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 52 Figure 3-26 Change Drive Letter and Paths dialog box ©Cengage Learning 2012

53. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 53 Figure 3-27 Add Drive Letter or Path dialog box ©Cengage Learning 2012

54. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Multipath I/O (MPIO) Capability to read and write data using multiple paths to a storage device –Provides redundant physical paths to the storage device –Increases fault-tolerance against single points of failure within the communication path Supports iSCSI, Fibre Channel, and serial attached storage (SAS) connectivity options 54

55. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) MPIO Major Enhancements Health reporting –Provides information about health of the communication path to the storage device Load-balancing policy settings through the command line –MPCLAIM utility provides this capability Configuration –MPIO configuration report contains Device Specific Module (DSM) file and path information 55

56. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) MPIO Load Balancing Policies Policies supported through Windows Server 2008 DSM –Failover –Failback –Round-robin –Round-robin with a subset of paths –Dynamic least queue depth –Weighted path 56

57. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-10: Install MPIO and Display MPIO Properties Open Server Manager –If not open, click Start, Administrative Tools, Server Manager Right-click Features and select Add Features to open the Add Features Wizard Select one or more features to install on the server –Select Multipath I/O and click Next 57

58. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 58 Figure 3-28 Server Manager ©Cengage Learning 2012

59. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 59 Figure 3-29 Add Features Wizard ©Cengage Learning 2012

60. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 60 Figure 3-30 Select Features page ©Cengage Learning 2012

61. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-10: Install MPIO and Display MPIO Properties (cont’d.) Verify features selected to install and click Install Click Close and click Yes to restart, if prompted To display the MPIO Properties, click Start, Administrative Tools, MPIO –Close the dialog box after exploring the available options 61

62. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 62 Figure 3-31 MPIO Properties dialog box ©Cengage Learning 2012

63. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Microsoft iSCSI Software Initiator Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) –Protocol for connecting host computers to an external storage array through the network adapter –Supports block-level access to storage devices Software initiator –Feature built into Windows Server 2008 –Used to establish a connection to the iSCSI target –Each is identified by a unique iSCSI Qualified Name 63

64. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) New Features of Microsoft iSCSI Initiator GUI redesign Quick Connect –Enables one-click connections to storage devices Configuration tab –Generate configuration reports of connected devices iSCSI Digest Offload Support iSCSI can boot up to 32 paths with MPIO iSCSI/Remote Boot Support for IPV6 addressing 64

65. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Components and Protocols of Microsoft iSCSI Initiator iSCSI driver –Used to send iSCSI commands over the network iSCSI target –Any device that receives iSCSI commands iSNS (iSCSI Naming Service) –Enables better management by automatically discovering targets on the network CHAP and IPSec –Provide better security through authentication and encryption 65

66. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Activity 3-11: Configure Microsoft iSCSI Initiator Click Start, Administrative Tools, iSCSI Initiator Click Continue on the User Account Control page, if it appears The iSCSI Initiator Properties dialog box displays –Select the Targets tab, if necessary In the Target text box, enter the IP address of the target device –Click Quick Connect Select desired target and click Connect Click Done and close the dialog box 66

67. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 67 Figure 3-32 iSCSI Initiator Properties dialog box ©Cengage Learning 2012

68. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Storage Area Networks (SANs) Windows Server 2008 provides tools to administer and manage a storage environment Storage Manager for SANs –Used to manage the physical storage arrays Storage Explorer –Enables management of available connections Fibre Channel connections iSCSI connections 68

69. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Storage Manager for SANs Tool in Microsoft Server 2008 Enables creating and managing logical unit numbers (LUNs) on Fibre Channel and iSCSI storage devices supporting Virtual Disk Service (VDS) in the SAN Windows Server 2008 storage manager tools that use VDS –Disk Management –DiskPart –DiskRAID –Storage Manager for SANs 69

70. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Fibre Channel and iSCSI Connections Fibre Channel and iSCSI storage devices –Allow block-level data access Implementing MPIO policies can provide better data storage management Configuring and managing LUNs are different in Fibre Channel and iSCSI environments 70

71. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Server Cluster Access in Storage Manager for SANs Storage Manager for SANs –Enable LUN access for a server cluster Failover clustering –Needs to be installed on each server in a cluster To define a server cluster in Storage Manager for SANs –Need associated hardware devices and connections Server Manager for SANs –Manage server clusters and add a new cluster 71

72. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Summary Windows Server 2008 –Provides support for the latest storage technologies and concepts including volumes, partitions, and RAID technologies –Supports basic disks and dynamic disks You can create a new volume or partition on a disk that has empty space Adding a mirror to a volume increases fault tolerance –If one disk fails, that data will be available on the mirrored disk 72

73. MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Summary (cont’d.) A virtual machine hard disk is seen as a hard disk but is implemented as a single file on the native host file system Mount points enable accessing a volume from a folder on another disk Multipath I/O provides the capability to read and write data using multiple paths to a storage device The Storage Manager for SANs is used to manage physical storage arrays 73