1. The Cellular Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Chapter 5 You need your microbiology textbook!

2. Objectives Identify the structure of a typical cell Define the function of each part of the eukaryotic animal cell Describe the processes that transport materials in and out of a cell

3. Cells Basic structural unit of living things Eukaryotes –Cells that have true nucleus held by a nuclear membrane. Has chromosomes and divides by mitosis. Prokaryotes –Unicellular organism lacking a true nucleus and nuclear membrane. Its genetic material consists of a single loop of DNA and no chromosomes

4. Cells Cytologists specialize in the pathology of the cell, whose changes in internal structures give important clues as to the cause or source of disease

5. Cells Organelles – specialized structures found with the cytoplasm of cells, each with a specific function Page 83

6. Cell Structure Nucleus –Control center for all cell activity. Contains the chromosomes and DNA. Cell Membrane –A thin layer of plasma-like material that surrounds the cytoplasm and the organelles. It is located between the cell wall and the protoplasm of the cell and allows molecules to pass in and out of the cell

7. Cell Membrane

8. Cytoplasm –Gel-like protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus. It is bound by the cell membrane and holds the organelles in place Nucleolus (and Ribosomes) –A rounded body in the nucleus of most cells that is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis Cell Structure

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum –Network of folded membranes in the cytoplasm of a cell that transport materials throughout the cell Mitochondria –Rod-shaped organelle of cells that is responsible for cellular respiration and energy production Cell Structure Open book to page 87

10. Cell Structure The Golgi Apparatus –Packages and wraps proteins for export out of the cell Lysosomes –Aids in the digestion of proteins by secreting digestive enzymes

11. Pinocytic Vesicles –Pockets or folds in the cell membrane that allow large molecules such as proteins and lipids to be taken into the cell Cell Structure

12. Movement across the cell membranes Diffusion Osmosis Filtration Active transport Phagocytosis Pinocytosis An active process that requires an energy source A passive process – requires no energy to function

13. Diffusion Process of spreading out or movement of molecules through a substance. The larger the molecules the slower the movement.

14. Osmosis Passage of a solvent’s molecules through a selective permeable membrane from a solution of lesser solute concentration to a solution of greater solute concentration

15. Filtration Process of a fluid passing through a filter

16. Active transport When cells must move materials in an opposite direction - against a concentration gradient. It requires Energy Phagocytosis –"cell eating" - extensions off cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole and then the cell engulfs it.

18. Pinocytosis –the process of taking up liquid from the surrounding environment. Tiny pockets form along the membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off Active transport