1. Odds and Ends Drawing an EKG waveform properly What to include in your hemorrhage diagram (Tips and Help Schedule at http://webs.wofford.edu/davisgr/bio342/hemorrhagediagramtips.htm http://webs.wofford.edu/davisgr/bio342/hemorrhagediagramtips.htm –Hypovolemic shock? –Death? –Whatever you can do well in 15 minutes! Revised Abstracts may be turned in anytime but no later than the last Friday of class (Dec 7 th.)

2. 1QQ # 28 for 10:30 Answer one 1.Diagram the response to a drop in oxygen delivery to the kidney. 2.Diagram the effects of sympathetic stimulation of systemic arterioles that leads to an increase in mean arterial pressure. 3.Diagram the effects of sympathetic stimulation of veins that leads to an increase in mean arterial pressure.

3. 1QQ # 28 for 11:30 Answer one 1.Diagram the response to a drop in MAP that leads to an increase in sympathetic activity originating from the medullary cardiovascular center. 2.Diagram the effects of sympathetic stimulation of the heart that leads to an increase in mean arterial pressure. 3.Diagram the effects of sympathetic stimulation of veins that leads to an increase in mean arterial pressure.

4. ACE expressed on luminal surface of pulmonary endothelial cells.

5. Gradient for CO 2 is only 6 mmHg; CO 2 is more 20x more soluble and permeable than O 2 Gradient for CO 2 is only 6 mmHg; CO 2 is more 20x more soluble and permeable than O 2 Ventilation by Bulk Flow Gas exchange by Diffusion Gas exchange Where should the receptors be for the negative feedback loop for homeostasis? Why the difference in partial pressures in Air and Alveoli?

6. Peripheral Chemoreceptors 1) Carotid bodies (not carotid sinuses which are baroreceptors) 2) Aortic bodies (not aortic arch baroreceptors) Central Chemoreceptors in medulla (sensitive to H+ in interstitial fluid of medulla) To ponder: Why should there be three sets of chemoreceptors?

7. Gas exchange All gases move by diffusion. Thus limited by: –Surface area –Distance (thickness) –Concentration (partial pressure) gradient In the lung, gases must move from air to water and vice versa. The amount is proportional to –Solubility (CO 2 more soluble than O 2 ) –Temperature (colder fluids dissolve more gas) –Pressure gradient

8. Respiratory Physiology The physics of air flow 1) Flow in tubes 2) Ventilation Poiseulle’s equation

9. Upper Respiratory Tract The Structure underlying the function: Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchitis= infection/inflammation of conducting airways Asthma = smooth muscles contract →increase resistance to airflow in conducting airways. Intercostal muscles

10. Pneumothorax (unilateral due to each lung having its own compartment. Greg R. and the story of spontaneous pneumothorax Visceral pleura and parietal pleura separated by fluid-filled pleural cavity which allows lung and chest wall to slide relative to each other but remain adhered unless air enters the pleural cavity (which leads to collapse of the lung and outward expansion of chest wall on that side.)

11. Upper Tract Sleep Apnea a)obstructive, b)central & CPAP

12. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

13. Bronchopulmonary segments and Surgical resection Why is lung cancer so common? How are the delicate living tissues of the respiratory protected?