1. The New England Colonies
Chapter 3 Section 2
The New England Colonies

2. The New England Colonies
Pilgrims and Puritans
Religion continued to be a problem in England after the Protestant Reformation
Puritans- wanted to purify or reform the Anglican Church
Bishops and priests had too much power
Groups wanted to separate out and they start forming other churches
Pilgrims separated and left England in the early 1600’s
Moved to the Netherlands so they became immigrants (people who left the country of their birth to live in another country)

3. The New England Colonies
Pilgrims continued
The pilgrims weren’t happy that their children were being brought up under Dutch culture instead of English
Formed a joint-stock company and headed toward Virginia
Sept. 16, boarded the Mayflower and headed toward America
Landed North of Virginia thus were not in the government controlled land and their charter was no good
Formed their own set of laws- Mayflower Compact
One of first attempts at self government

4. The New England Colonies

5. The New England Colonies
Pilgrims and Native Americans
1621- Somoset walked into the colonists settlement
Had learned English from Fishing boats
Gave Pilgrims information about the area
Introduced them to Squanto
Squanto a Patuxet Native American that knew English since he once had lived there
Helped the fertilize soil and form a relationship with the Wampanoag Indians
Pilgrims invited Chief Massasoit and 90 others for a celebration on the Harvest, became the First Thanksgiving

6. The New England Colonies
Pilgrim Community
Settlement was poor, but people had rights and kids were educated
Most men were farmers
Women did things like weave and other household work
Women had many rights
Could sign contracts, sue and if they were widowed then they could own land

7. The New England Colonies
Puritans leave England
Poor economy in England
Many out of work, high taxes also
Puritans were being punished by the Church of England
Great Migration
Between 1620 and 1640 thousands left England
Puritans formed Massachusetts bay company
1630- John Withrop led the group to form a new settlement
Formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Grew very strong, Puritans had brought many tools and livestock with them, also had good trade with other colonies

8. The New England Colonies
Religion and Government in New England
Massachusetts Bay Colony had to follow English law but had much independence
Had General Court to help run things
Turned it into a self government
Each town sent delegates to the Court
1644- became bi-cameral
Government leaders were also church leaders
Male Church member were the only people that could vote
Colonists tried to become “God’s elect or chosen
Full members in the church, gave them more rights

9. The New England Colonies
1636- Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts and formed Connecticut
1639- wrote “Fundamental of Connecticut
More democratic than in Mass.
First written “Constitution” of the Colonies
Had courts and legislative powers
Roger Williams
Disagreed with Massachusetts
Formed Rhode Island
Separation of Church and State
Religious Tolerance

10. The New England Colonies
Anne Hutchinson
Though of as radical
Forced out of Massachusetts
Formed Portsmouth which became part of Rhode Island
Witch Trials
1690’s Salem girls accused of being witches, led to 19 people being put to death

11. The New England Colonies
New England Economy
Not good for farming
Slavery wasn’t important to the region
Developed good trade relationships
Merchants grew wealthy
Fishing became a huge part of the regions economy
Whaling also was a major industry
Shipbuilding took part due to the other water industries and the closeness of Forests to gather wood and good harbors
There were very highly skilled workers and craftsmen in New England
Set up guild system with master craftsman and apprentices learning the craft
Journeymen were higher than apprentices and traveled learning their tasks

12. The New England Colonies
Education
Very important in New England
Had to be able to read and write in order to read the Bible
1647- General Court of Massachusetts said that every town of 50 families must have a school
Used the New England Primer as a textbook
Most kids stopped education after elementary and went to work
1636- John Harvard founded Harvard College
William and Mary was founded in 1693
By % of men and 40% of women could read and write in New England