1. Public Disclosure Program in Thailand “Thai Environmental Truth” Pollution Control Department, Thailand Presentation to Public Disclosure Program Nanjing, China June 21-22, 2001 Worldbank

2. Outline of Presentation Legal Issue for Public Disclosure The Incentive of Public Disclosure Program Public Disclosure Program “Thai Environment Truth (TET)” –Why water !!! –Targeting of Polluters: Industrial Sector and Non Industrial Sector –Design of Information System –Design of Rating Strategy –Design of Disclosure Strategy –Institutional Responsibilities Conclusion

3. Legal Issues Community Right to Know Three Acts The 1992 National Environmental Quality Act The 1997 Official Information Act The 1997 Constitution Act

4. The 1992 National Environmental Quality Act, Section 6 (1) To be informed and obtain information and data from the government service in matters concerning the enhancement and conservation of environmental quality, except any information or data that are officially classified as secret intelligence pertaining to national security, or secrets pertaining to the right to privacy, property rights, or the rights in trade or business of any person which are duty protected by law

5. The 1997 Official Information Act “ The 1997 Official Information Act provides the public with a legal right to official government information. In general, the Act provides for types of information that may and may not be disclosed, setting out specific definitions and exceptions, and defining procedures for determining release and non- release of information through two bodies, an Official Information Board and a Tribunal to hear appeals ”

6. The 1997 Constitution Act, Section 58 “ A person shall have the right to get access to public information in possession of a Government agency, State agency, State enterprise or local administration, unless the disclosure of such information shall affect the security of the State, public safety or interests of other persons which shall be protected as provided by law [emphasis supplied].”

7. The Incentive of Public Disclosure Program Situation : May 1999 : Published the waste water discharge of industrial estates and complex August 1999: Published the 10 non compliance Rock mill factories June 2000: Published the waste water discharge information of non-compliance Hotels and Hospitals

8. Result : Industrial Estate 10 4224

9. Stone Crusher Plant

10. Hotel and Building 50 percent reduction

11. Result (Continue) The Enterprises aware and concern their performance. The responsible government agency strengthen their action. Experience : –Non reliable result. –Non systematic performance. –No pollution reduction target and strategy. –Non persistent disclose.

12. Objective Supplement enforcement authority Increase public pressure on the firm Establish and maintain database and network system Driven market and commercial mechnanism Establish transparency of government Improve health and welfare

13. Public Disclosure Program: “Thai Environment Truth” For the Program to Be Successful and Have Impact: 1) It must be credible: It must be implemented and supervised by a group of people who can certify the validity of the results and that the people can believe. 2) It must produce reliable results: It must be based on accurate information, from primary data collection, processed with reliable information system. 3) It must be sustained over time: The program cannot be a one-shot event; it has to become a regular (or ‘official’) tool in the hands of the agency.

14. Why Water Pollution !!! 1) Water pollution is a serious issue in Thailand, compare to the other countries 2) BOD and TSS are relatively inexpensive to monitor; 3) There is existing information about BOD and TSS. 4) Auditing the environment performance of polluter which prevent the pollution transfer media.

15. Water Quality

16. Coastal Quality

17. Thailand ranks 14th in the world in terms of emissions of organic water pollution China United States India Russian fed. Japan Germany Indonesia Brazil UK France Ukraine Poland Italy Thailand 7, 396, 000 2, 584, 818 1, 664, 150 1, 615, 356 1, 468, 545 811, 315 727, 496 690, 876 642, 362 585, 382 539, 490 385, 331 359, 578 355, 819 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.16 0.13 0.16 Kilograms per day Kilograms per day per worker

18. Among these countries, Thailand ranks 9th in terms of emissions per square kilometer Japan UK Germany Italy Poland France Ukraine China Thailand India Indonesia USA Russian Fed. Brazil 3 885 2 621 2 272 1 194 1 193 1 060 893 770 693 506 382 276 94 81 Kilograms per thousand sq. km

19. Public Disclosure: 3 Components Public Disclosure Program HotelIndustry Other Buildings

20. Targeting of Polluters IndustrialUsing: DIW’s database DIW’s database PCD’s GIS system PCD’s GIS system PCD’s Water quality management plan PCD’s Water quality management plan World Bank Industrial Pollution Projection World Bank Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) System (IPPS)

21. We were able to estimate: Industrial pollution for 68 000 factories in Industrial pollution for 68 000 factories in Thailand Thailand These results have been aggregated by: Industrial sectors; Industrial sectors; Industrial estates vs Non-industrial estates; Industrial estates vs Non-industrial estates; Provinces; Provinces; Regions; Regions; Water basins. Water basins.

22. Per water basins in Central Region: BOD

23. Per water basins in Central Region: TSS

24. Contribution of Industrial Sectors to Water Pollution, Thailand (in order of importance)

25. Result Cost effective approach – Water Basin –Industrial Sector –Advantage - high pollution reduction, lowest travel cost –Disadvantage - Political risk 11 Water Basin (BOD loading and Water quality) Noi,Maeklong,Choapaya,Thachin,Khaewnoi,Pasa k, Pranchinburi,Bangprakong, Nan, Ping and Songkhla

26. 10 Type of Industrial, produce large BOD and TSS - Pulp & paper - Dairy products - Sugar factories - Distilled spirits - Fish products - Preserved fruit - Oil and fat - Industrial chemicals - Nonferrouse metals - Iron & steel

27. Target 1405 factory in 3 phase, 3 years BOD loading reduction appoximate 60% TSS loading reduction appoximate 50%

28. Non Industrial Sector –The Large Building classified as “Building Type A” in Bangkok, Pollution Control Areas and tourism area Hotel more than 200 rooms Hospital more than 30Beds Residential Buildingmore than 500 units School/Universitymore than 25,000Square Meters Office Buildingmore than 55,000Square Meters The Mallmore than 25,000Square Meters Marketmore than 2,500Square Meters Restaurantmore than 2,500Square Meters Targeting approximately 496 Buildings in 3 years

29. Design of Information System Pollution Profile of Selected Polluters Existing DataSurveysSampling of effluents Information System

30. Key Features of the Information System 1) Combines data from self-monitoring and inspections reports 2) Uses historical pollution profile of factories 3) Tests for accuracy based on correlation of pollution data with treatment system and sector and parameter

31. Outline of Rating Strategy Criteria 1: Compliance with BOD and TSS standards Criteria 2: Does the plant exercise effort to reduce its pollution (e.g. is there a treatment system in place or is there cleaner production effort)? Criteria 3: Complaints by local communities Criteria 4: Maintain records and submit information as required by laws Criteria 5: Is the plant ISO14000?

32. No Is the firm complying with environmental standards? YESNO Is the firm significantly better than compliance? Does the firm maintain good bookkeeping? OK Yes Is the firm using clean technology? Is the firm ISO14000? No GOOD Does the firm attempt to comply? Is there pollution complaints against the firm? Does the firm maintain good bookkeeping? No VERYGOOD Yes No Yes BAD No Yes No VERY BAD

33. Disclosure strategy 1) What is the best way to disclose results? Very Good Good Ok Bad Very Bad A B D C F or or...

34. Disclosure strategy (Cont.) 1) What is the best way to disclose results? 2) What is the best media strategy? 3) What agency play important role? 4) What is the best way to establish expectation?

35. Internal Functions Functions: Oversight Strategy Quality assurance Rating analysis Pollution reduction pact Outsourcing Functions: Sample collection, sample analysis, data reporting (full time job for a team of 3 to 5 people for 6 months) Disclosure strategy PID NEQB Prime Minister Institutional Responsibilities