1. primary sources today’s line-up primary sources what are primary sources? how & why are they collected? how are they organized? where & how could I access them? why would I ever use them? prep for trip to Wilson Library next Thursday

2. Pop Quiz Which digital collection(s) did you explore? Think about material in that collection…what sort of research questions/inquiries would the collection support? In other words, who would use this collection for research? Describe one difference between an “archive” and a “library”

3. primary sources

4. provide first-hand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation created by witnesses or recorders who experienced the events or conditions being documented often these sources are created at the time when the events or conditions are occurring…but could be recorded later primary sources

5. autobiographiesdiaries & journals memoireslegal and financial documents oral historiesphotographs business correspondencemaps personal correspondencearchitectural drawings computer tapeobjects video & audio recordings government regulations and treaties hearings & debates of legislative bodies; court cases census data records of government expenditures & finances regalia / artifacts (e.g. war memorabilia) scientific data music (e.g. music scores, musical instruments, sound recordings) visual materials (e.g. original art, graphic art) dissertations primary sources

6. archives the records made or received and maintained by an institution or organization in pursuance of its legal obligations or in the transaction of its business manuscripts a body of papers of an individual or a family manuscript and archival materials are unique resources that can be found in only one library or institution (though digital copies or copies on microfilm/microfiche may be available elsewhere)

7. how & why are primary sources collected? required by law – usually “records” Birth/death certificates; marriage license company / organization policy Personnel files; incorporation docs historical societies Photos; military garb religious groups Membership; sermons; pamphlets for profit Ancestry.com intentional collecting – e.g. research, endowment or grant North Carolina Collection (UNC) family Birth certificates; medical records; photos; scrapbooks; journals

8. archives: what do they keep? records which are no longer required for current use but have been selected for permanent preservation because of their evidential or informational value.

9. ARCHIVESLIBRARIESMUSEUMS What do they keep? Inactive records that have been selected for permanent preservation usually unpublished (can be in any format and unique) Published materials (can be in many formats) that is not unique Objects and artifacts (and associated documentation) which may or may not be unique How is the material arranged? In the order determined and used by the creator(s) According to a pre-determined classification system (LC, DDC) Arrangement is not significant, control is.

10. ARCHIVESLIBRARIESMUSEUMS What is their objective? Protection of archives and their evidential and informational values Building appropriate and comprehensive collections that are properly housed and effectively used Collection and protection of selected objects for the community Who can consult the material? Depends on archives policy and conditions imposed by donor Any member of community Any member of the public

11. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a state agency, and its offices and departments are obligated to follow the requirements of the North Carolina Public Records Law (North Carolina General Statute 132) for retention and disposition of records.

13. http://www.archives.ncdcr.gov/

14. how are they organized? depends… “Finding Aid” - description of an archival collection, usually containing a history of the person or organization that produced the collection and an inventory of its contentsFinding Aid EAD Encoded Archival Description – XML standard used to encode data about archival materials – makes things easier to find in an electronic environment

15. appraisal def: process of evaluating records to determine their value and ultimate disposition – physical volume – frequency of use – administrative and operational need served by the record – legal and fiscal regulations governing retention – historical significance – economic advantage of moving the records from high cost office storage to low cost records storage space or direct disposal – whether this is the record copy or a duplicate

16. where & how to access think about who might have relevant records/material – government entity (international, national, state, county) – professional organization/society (e.g. state geological society) – dedicated entity (special collection – e.g. TWU’s WASP collection) ask librarian

17. why would I ever use an archive? legislation (statutes, regulations, and orders- in-council) and case law (decisions of courts and administrative tribunals) genealogy / family tree Popular culture / period pieces

19. December 1963: Members of several civil rights organizations staged this holiday march, carrying letters addressed to political leaders to urge anti-discrimination legislation. They requested that fellow Chapel Hill citizens follow suit to "Send Freedom Letters for Christmas."

20. Drafts of Langston Hughes's poem "Ballad of Booker T.,” 30 May-1 June 1941

21. Internet Archive + The Wayback Machine https://archive.org

22. Wallace, D.A. (2011). Memory ethics – or the presence of the past in the present. Archival Science, 11, 1-12. Archivists normatively position themselves as impartial and honest brokering custodians of the past, immune from the pressures and persuasions that conflict the rest of contemporary society. Consider the politics of record-making and record keeping and how they shape and often mis-shape the construction of the past and present. Action or inaction

23. Our field trip to Wilson next Monday 504 Wilson Library