1. 腹膜The peritoneum
海南医学院 解剖教研室
易西南

2. 概貌General features
The peritoneum is a thin serous membrane that line the inner surface of the abdominal wall and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within these cavities
Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 －lines the inner surface the abdominal and pelvic wall
Visceral peritoneum 脏腹膜 －covers the organs
Peritoneal cavity 腹膜腔－the potential space between the parietal and visceral layer of peritoneum, in the mail, is a closed sac, but in the female, there is a communication with the exterior through the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina

3. 功能Function Secretes a lubricating serous fluid(润湿） Absorb（吸收）
Support the visceras（支持）

4. 脏器与腹膜的关系
腹膜内位器官Intraperitoneal viscera －viscera completely surrounded by peritoneum, example, stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen and ovary
腹膜间位器官Interperitoneal viscera －most part of viscera surrounded by peritoneum, example, liver, gallbladder, ascending and descending colon, upper part of rectum, urinary bladder and uterus
腹膜外(后)位器官Retroperitoneal viscera －some organs lie on the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surfaces only, example, kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, descending and horizontal parts of duodenum, middle and lower parts of rectum, and ureter

5. Operation path way
Intraperitoneal viscera
Interperitoneal viscera
Retroperitoneal viscera

6. 腹膜形成的结构Structures which are formed by peritoneum
网膜Omentum － two-layered fold of peritoneum that extends from stomach to adjacent organs

7. 小网膜 Lessor omentum －two-layered fold of peritoneum which extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum
肝胃韧带Hepatogastric ligament
－extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach
肝十二指肠韧带 Hepatoduodenal ligament
Extends from porta hepatis to superior part of duodenum. Contains common bile duct胆总管, proper hepatic a肝固有动脉. and hepatic portal v门静脉.

8. 网膜孔Omental foramen Behind the right border of hepatoduodenal ligament
Superior－caudate lobe of liver
Inferior－superior part of duodenum
Anterior－hepatodudenal ligament
Posterior－peritoneum covering the inferior vena cava

9. 大网膜Greater omentum
－four-layered fold of peritoneum

10. 网膜囊Omental bursa
位置Position－situated behind the lesser omentum and stomach
四个壁Walls
上Superior－肝尾状叶和膈下腹膜
前Anterior－大网膜及胃后壁腹膜
下Inferior－大网膜前后两层转折处
后Posterior－大网膜后两层、横结肠及其系膜、胰及左肾前部的壁腹膜

11. 左Left－胃脾韧带及脾肾韧带gastrosplenic ligamentand splenorenal ligament
右Right－网膜孔
omental foramen
The Omental bursa (lesser sac) communicates with the greater
sac through the omental foramen.

12. 肠系膜Mesenteries －
two-layered fold of peritoneum that attach part of the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

13. 肠系膜Mesentery －suspends the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall
Broad and a fan-shaped
Consists of two peritoneal layers
Intestinal border－folded, 7 m long
Root of mesentery
15 cm long
Directed obliquely from left side of L2 to in front of right sacroiliac joint

15. 阑尾系膜Mesoappendix
Triangular mesentery－extends from terminal part of ileum to appendix
Appendicular artery runs in free margin of the mesoappendix

16. 横结肠系膜Transverse mesocolon －a double fold of peritoneum which connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall
乙状结肠系膜Sigmoid mesocolon －inverted V-shaped, with apex located in front of left ureter and division of common iliac artery

17. 韧带Ligaments －two-layered folds of peritoneum that attached the lesser mobile solid visera to the abdominal wall
Ligaments of liver
镰状韧带Falciform ligament of liver
Consists of double peritoneal layer
Extends from anterior abdominal wall (umbilicus) to live
Free border of ligament site of ligamentum teres

18. 冠状韧带Coronary ligament
the area between upper and lower parts of the coronary ligament is the bare area of live, this area is devoid of peritoneum and lies in contract with the diaphragm
左、右三角韧带Left and right triangular ligaments formed by right extremity of coronary ligament and left leaf of falciform ligament, respectively

19. 肝胃韧带Hepatogastric ligament
肝十二指肠韧带Hepatoduodenal ligament
肝圆韧带
Ligamentum teres hepatis

20. 脾的韧带Ligaments of spleen 脾肾韧带Splenorenal ligament
胃脾韧带Gastrosplenic ligament
脾肾韧带Splenorenal ligament
膈脾韧带Phrenicosplenic ligament
脾结肠韧带Splenocolic ligament

21. 胃的韧带Ligaments of Stomach
肝胃韧带Hepatogastric ligament
胃脾韧带Gastrosplenic ligament
胃膈韧带Gastrophrenic ligament
胃结肠韧带Gastrocolic ligament
胃胰韧带Gastropancrestic ligament

22. 返折和隐窝Folds and fossas of anterior abdominal wall
脐正中襞Medial umbilical fold －contain the remnant of urachus (median umbilical ligaments)
脐内侧襞Medial umbilical fold －contains remnants of the umbilical arteries (medial umbilical ligaments)
脐外侧襞Lateral umbilical fold －contains the inferior epigastric vessels
膀胱上窝Supravesical fossa
腹股沟内侧窝Medial inguinal fossa
腹股沟外侧窝
Lateral inguinal fossa

23. Pouches In male：直肠膀胱陷窝rectovesical pouch In female:
直肠子宫陷窝Rectouterine pouch: between rectum and uterus
膀胱子宫陷窝Vesicouterine pouch:between bladder and uterus

24. 腹膜腔的分区Peritoneal cavity subdivisions
The transverse colon and transverse mesocolon divides the greater sac into supracolic and infracolic compartments.
结肠上区Supracolic compartments (subphrenic space)－lies between diaphragm and transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
肝上间隙
Suprahepatic recess 左肝上
右肝上
肝下间隙
Infrahepatic recess 右肝下
左肝下：左肝下前
左肝下后（网膜囊）

25. 结肠下区Infracolic compartments －lies below the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
右结肠旁沟Right paracolic sulcus －lies lateral to the ascending colon. It communicates with the hepatorenal recess and the pelvic cavity. It provides a route for the spread of infection between the pelvic and the upper abdominal region.
左结肠旁沟 Left paracolic sulcus －lies lateral to the descending colon. It is separated from the area around the spleen by the phrenicocolic ligament, a fold of peritoneum that passes from the colic flexure to the diaphragm.

26. 右肠系膜窦Right mesenteric sinus －triangular space, lies between root of mesentery, ascending colon, right 2/3 of transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
左肠系膜窦Left mesenteric sinus －lies between root of mesentery, descending colon, right 1/3 of transverse colon and transverse mesocolon, its widens below where it is continuous with the cavity of the pelvis