2. Steps in Aerobic Respiration n An animal eats food containing sugar n Energy from glucose is used to make a valuable chemical called ATP n Mitochondria enzymes begin the breakdown of sugar n Energy is released from glucose in many small steps. n Cells gets rid of waste: H 2 0 and CO 2 n ATP is used to power all of the cells activities

3. Steps in Lactic Acid Fermentation n An animal cell releases lactic acid as a waste n Energy from glucose is used to make a valuable chemical called ATP n An animal burns sugar without oxygen n Muscles get sore (fatigue) if lactic acid levels go up. n An animal runs out of oxygen and can no longer do aerobic respiration n ATP is used to power all of the cells activities

4. Steps in Lactic Acid Fermentation n An animal cell releases lactic acid as a waste n Energy from glucose is used to make a valuable chemical called ATP n An animal burns sugar without oxygen n Muscles get sore (fatigue) if lactic acid levels go up. n An animal runs out of oxygen and can no longer do aerobic respiration n ATP is used to power all of the cells activities

5. Steps in Making Dannon Yogurt n Milk is warmed to 80 degrees so that Lactobacillus bacteria will multiply rapidly n Milk is warmed to 140 degrees for 1 hour, killing bacteria (Pasteurization) n A special bacterium (Lactobacillus) is added to milk n Yogurt is packaged so no new bacteria can enter; product is refrigerated and delivered n Bacteria respire without oxygen, releasing lactic acid, which curdles milk n Whole milk is delivered from cow to yogurt factory

6. Steps in Making Dannon Yogurt n Milk is warmed to 80 degrees so that Lactobacillus bacteria will multiply rapidly n Milk is warmed to 140 degrees for 1 hour, killing bacteria (Pasteurization) n A special bacterium (Lactobacillus) is added to milk n Yogurt is packaged so no new bacteria can enter; product is refrigerated and delivered n Bacteria respire without oxygen, releasing lactic acid, which curdles milk n Whole milk is delivered from cow to yogurt factory

7. Steps in Alcohol Fermentation n Yeast release alcohol and CO 2 waste n Yeast runs out of oxygen and can no longer do aerobic cell respiration n Yeast burn sugar without oxygen n Yeast dies if the alcohol level reaches about 12% n Energy released from sugar is used to make a valuable cell chemical, ATP. n ATP is used to power all of the cell’s activities

8. Steps in Alcohol Fermentation n Yeast release alcohol and CO 2 waste n Yeast runs out of oxygen and can no longer do aerobic cell respiration n Yeast burn sugar without oxygen n Yeast n Yeast dies if the alcohol level reaches about 12% n Energy released from sugar is used to make a valuable cell chemical, ATP. n ATP n ATP is used to power all of the cell’s activities

9. Steps in Making Beer or Wine n Yeast release alcohol and CO 2 waste n Water, sugar and flavorings are added to an open container n Yeast is added to the container and the container is closed n Yeast dies and is filtered out of the container. The remaining liquid is aged to improve flavor. n Energy released from sugar is used to make a valuable cell chemical, ATP. n Yeast burns sugar without oxygen