1. SELECTIVE BREEDING & GENETIC ENGINEERING
3.f. Develop a logical argument for or against research conducted in selective breeding and genetic engineering, including (but not limited to) research conducted in MS.

2. Bellwork 1/5
Write a paragraph (at least 5 sentences) about your Christmas Break

3. Selective Breeding & Genetic Engineering
Selective breeding & genetic engineering are 2 scientific techniques in which humans try to produce offspring with desirable traits

4. What is selective breeding?
Definition:
Selective breeding is where humans select (chose) 2 animals with desired traits & breed (mate) them trying to produce offspring with the desired traits of both parents

5. Selective Breeding
Typically, strains which are selectively bred are domesticated
Over many generations, the practice leads to the development of strains with the desired characteristics

6. Examples of selective breeding
Intentionally mating 2 dogs in order to achieve or eliminate a specific trait
A farmer saves seed from a hearty crop to replant the next year
Dogs are bred for competition or for hunting
Cows can be bred to increase muscle mass or milk production

7. Examples of Selective Breeding
Dogs are a good example of selective breeding. Gamekeepers who hunted birds for leisure in the 1800s wanted a dog that didn’t actually exist. So, they selectively breed a mastiff and a bulldog to get the qualities that they wanted. Mastiffs were big, strong & good companions, but they lacked in speed and aggression. The bulldog however was aggressive and fast but lacked in strength. The selective breeding process eventually produced a bullmastiff which was large, quick, strong, & aggressive

8. Bullmastiff Big, strong & good companion
(not aggressive or fast)
Aggressive & fast (not big & strong)
When selective breeding
these 2 dogs, we get a
Bullmastiff
Large, quick, strong & aggressive dog

9. Example of Selective Breeding in Cattle
Brahman cattle: good resistance to
heat, but poor meat
English shorthorn cattle: good beef, but poor
heat resistance
When selecting to breed
these 2 animals we get a
Santa Gertrudis cattle
Result = good beef AND
resistant to heat

10. Selective Breeding in Crops

11. Selective Breeding of Lions & Tigers: LIGER
Ligers are the world’s biggest cats
Larger than their parents with the strength of a lion and speed of a tiger combined
An average male liger stands almost 12ft on its hind legs & weigh up to half a ton (twice the weight of a wild lion or tiger)

12. How did the liger appear?
If the father is a lion & the mother is a tiger, the offspring are known as ligers and the pairing results in gigantism
Strong but lacks speed
Fast but not
as strong
Ligers are fast & strong
& twice as big as parent

13. Why do people selectively breed animals & plants?
To make animals grow bigger, faster, prettier & stronger
To make plants grow bigger, faster, prettier & produce more crops

14. Pros of Selective Breeding
Benefits:
Farmers can produce crops with higher yield
More fruit or vegetables on a stalk
Farmers can produce animals that grow more meat, more milk, more eggs, faster & stronger
Can produce friendlier and prettier pets

15. Cons of Selective Breeding
Disadvantages:
Loss of genes in a population
By not allowing some animals to breed, their genes could be lost forever in a population
Take Hitler for example, he tried to kill all Jews, therefore, trying to eliminate the genes and all Jews from the planet
Animal discomfort
Farmers breed cows to have large utters, so now some cows have difficulty walking & have health problems
Some chickens are too heavy to stand, so they have to lay down all the time
Can lead to inbreeding
In order to create a certain type of animal through selective breeding, sometimes brothers & sisters of a population will mate to pass on favorable traits, and this can lead to bad health problems for children of inbreeding

16. Bellwork 1/6
Define selective breeding.

17. Classwork 1/6
With a partner, come up with at least 5 specific examples of selective breeding.
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE I CALL TIME, YOU NEED TO COME UP WITH MORE UNTIL I TELL YOU TO STOP.

18. GENETIC ENGINEERING
Genetic engineering is a lot like selective breeding but a much faster process
Definition: taking favorable genes from one organism and implanting it into another organism’s DNA
This can only be done in a laboratory with special equipment

19. Examples of Genetic Engineering
People have taken the insulin making gene from humans and inserted it into bacteria causing bacteria to make human insulin
Why?
Bacteria can reproduce quickly causing them to produce insulin at a much faster rate

20. Examples of Genetic Engineering
People have taken bad genes (genes which cause cancer and other diseases) out of a person and inserted healthy genes into a person to cure them of diseases
However, they may be cured of that disease but get another worse disease because of being implanted with the other gene

21. Examples of Genetic Engineering
People have taken a weed resistant gene and inserted the gene into certain crop plants
Now farmers can spray weed killer on the crops to kill the weeds, but the spray will not affect the crops.
The crops will grow better and bigger because weeds do not take away sunlight, nutrients, and water
However, this gene has leaked over into the weed population sometimes and caused the weeds to be resistant to herbicides (weed killer spray)

22. Examples of Genetic Engineering
People have inserted genes into crops to make the crops resistant (poisonous) to pests, but are harmless to humans (we think)

23. Genetically Engineered Fish
We have inserted genes into fish to make them grow twice as big and twice as fast

24. Genetically Engineered Chickens
We have inserted genes into chickens to make them grow twice as big and twice as fast. They are so big they can’t walk.

25. Genetically engineered crops
Humans have injected genes into crops to make them grow in colder environments
Humans have injected genes into crops to make them grow in dry (drought) environments

26. Genetically Engineered Pigs
Humans inject genes into pigs’ DNA in order for the pig to grow human-like organs, so people can transplant these organs into people who need them

27. Genetically Engineered Mice
Humans inject genes into mice to make the mice grow human ears for cosmetic purposes

28. Genetically Engineered Vaccines
Genetically engineered vaccines may be safer because they do not use live viruses like traditional vaccines do

29. Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering may work wonders but it is all a process of manipulating the natural

30. The Pros & Cons of Genetic Engineering

31. Pros Include:
Humans have made crops with better taste, nutrition, and growth rate
Humans have made pest resistant crops and crops with longer shelf life
Humans have been able to produce new foods
Foods which couldn’t be reproduced in nature
Humans can help cure certain disease
Boosts positive traits and suppress negative ones

32. Cons Include:
By making plants bigger, taste better, and better appearance we have accidentally made some crops allergenic to people
By making plants bigger, taste better, and better appearance we have accidentally made some crops have less nutritional value
Accidental gene transfer
Such as when we inserted genes into crops to make them resistant to pest or herbicides, the genes leaked over into weeds and made them resistant to pest and herbicides too

33. Cons Include:
Genetic engineering in human beings can have certain side effects
While treating one defector disease, the genetic engineering may lead to another disease which could be worse
What’s next?
Will people try to insert genes into babies to have children which are smarter, muscular, prettier, certain color eyes, certain color hair, and talented
Playing God…

34. Quiz Define selective breeding. List 3 examples of selective breeding.
List 2 benefits of selective breeding.
List 2 disadvantages of selective breeding.
Define genetic engineering.
List 3 examples of genetic engineering.
List 2 benefits of genetic engineering.
List 2 disadvantages of genetic engineering.

35. Bellwork 1/7 List benefits and disadvantages of selective breeding.
List benefits and disadvantages of genetic engineering.