1. AP Review
Chapter 7-8

2. Fast Facts The nucleus is a double membrane
- DNA is organized w/ proteins into chromatin
Ribosome: organelles that carry out protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum: manufactures membranes and performs many other biosynthetic functions

3. Fast Facts
The Golgi apparatus finishes, sorts, and ships cell products
Lysosomes are digestive compartments
Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration

4. Fast Facts Most abundant lipids in membranes are phospholipids.
- phospholipids are amphipathic (head is hydrophilic, tail is hydrophobic )
Membranes are mosaics of structure and function
- proteins are embedded in the fluid matrix

5. Fast Facts

6. Fast Facts Passive transport involves diffusion across a membrane.
- Diffusion: the tendency for molecules of any substance to spread out into available space
- any substance will move down a [gradient]. [high]  [low]

7. Fast Facts
Facilitated diffusion: passive transport of molecules through transport proteins
- each protein is specific for the solute it transports
Active transport: movement of molecules across a membrane against the gradient (uses ATP)

8. Fast Facts

9. Fast Facts
In cotransport, a ATP powered pump can drive the transport of other solutes.
1) active transport of a substance against a gradient
2) cotransport through a protein w/ 2nd substance

10. Fast Facts
Exocitosis: the secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
Endocytosis: the cell takes in macromolecules by forming new vesicles

11. Sample Questions
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and the ways in which it permits interactions with the outside environment

12. Sample Questions
Compare and contrast the cellular characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes