1. Introduction to Rational Equations

2. 2 Types of Functions Continuous Discontinuous

3. Continuous

4. Keeps going No breaks in graph Smooth

5. Discontinuous

6. Stops Graph has breaks or holes

7. Examples

8. Continuous Graphs → Polynomials Discontinuous Graphs → Rational Equations

9. Examples

10. Your Turn: Be Prepared to Share!!! Complete problems 1 – 6 on the Introduction to Rational Equations handout Remember, you need to: – Classify the graph as either continuous or discontinuous – Classify the graph as either a polynomial or a rational equation – Justify your reasoning!!!

11. Sharing Activity 1.I will gently throw the ball to a student. 2.That student answers the first question. 3.Then the student will gently throw the ball to another student. 4.That student answers the next question. 5.Repeat until we’ve answered all the questions.

12. Polynomial Monomial Binomial Trinomial Polygamy Polytheism Polydactyl Polyglot

13. Polynomials, cont. A polynomial is algebraic expression that can be written in the form a n x n + a n-1 x n-1 + … + a 2 x 2 + a 1 x 1 + a 0 An equation or an expression with a single variable raised to (usually many) powers All exponents are whole numbers a n ≠ 0 (Leading Coefficient ≠ 0)

14. Polynomial Examples Generally a long list of variables f(x) = x 4 – 4x 3 + 2x 2 – 3x + 11 f(x) = x 11 + 7x 5 – 4x 3 + x – 12 But we can also have a short list of variables f(x) = x 5 + x f(x) = x 2 – 1 Or even no variables at all! f(x) = 10 f(x) = ½

15. Rational Equation

16. Rational Equations, cont. Rational equations are fractions in which both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials We don’t need variables in the numerator, but we must have them in the denominator!!!

17. Rational Examples

18. Polynomials vs. Rational Equations 1.f(x) = x 8 – 7x 2 + 42. f(x) = 11 3. 4. 5.

19. Your Turn: Be Prepared to Share!!! Complete problems 7 – 12 on the Introduction to Rational Equations handout. Remember, you need to: – Classify the equation as either a polynomial or a rational equation. – Justify your reasoning

20. Compare – Contrast – Summarize Graphic Organizer Continuity → Continuous or Discontinuous

21. How Alike?

22. How Different? Polynomials With Regard to Graphs Rational Equations

23. How Different? Polynomials With Regard to Equations Rational Equations

24. How Different? Polynomials With Regard to Continuity Rational Equations

25. Summarize:

26. Discontinuous Graphs Discontinuities Rational Graphs

27. Discontinuities Discontinuity – a point or a line where the graph of an equation has as a hole, a jump, a break, or a gap Affect the shape, domain and range of an equation

28. *Discontinuities, cont. Three major types of discontinuities: Vertical Asymptotes Horizontal Asymptotes Holes Asymptotes Point (Removable) Discontinuity

29. Type of Discontinuities – Asymptotes Lines that the graph approaches but (almost) never crosses Represented by a dashed line Not part of the equation We don’t draw them if they happen on either the x-axis or the y-axis

30. Vertical Asymptotes (1 st Column) Occur when the denominator equals zero Can never be crossed Always in the form x = Abbreviated VA

31. Vertical Asymptotes, cont. Hand DrawnCalculator Drawn The calculator doesn’t draw the asymptotes!!!!

32. Horizontal Asymptotes (2 nd Column) Occur when the degree of the denominator is ≥ the degree of the numerator Ex. Can be crossed when |x| is very large Describes the end behavior of a rational equation Always in the form y = Abbreviated HA

33. Horizontal Asymptotes, cont. Hand DrawnCalculator Drawn The calculator doesn’t draw the asymptotes!!!!

34. Point (Removable) Discontinuities – Holes (3 rd Column) Gaps in the graph at a single point Occur when Always in the form x = Represented by an open circle (or hole) in the graph

35. Holes, cont. Hand Drawn

36. Graphing Calculators and Holes Graphing calculators have difficulty showing removable discontinuities ****Check the table for errors!

37. Example #1 x-int: y-int: VA: HA: Holes:

38. Example #2 x-int: y-int: VA: HA: Holes:

39. Your Turn: Complete problems 1 – 6 on the Identifying Features of Rational Equations Practice handout. Don’t answer the domain and range questions!

40. Discontinuities and Domain and Range Discontinuities affect the domain and range of a rational equation Vertical Asymptotes → Domain Horizontal Asymptotes → Range Holes → Domain and Range

41. Example 1: Domain: Range:

42. Example 2: Domain: Range:

43. Your Turn: Answer the domain and range questions for problems 1 – 6 on the Identifying Features of Rational Equations Practice handout.

44. Homework Complete problems 1 – 8 on the Identifying the Features of Rational Equations handout.