1. Designing Speech and Multimodal Applications for Seniors Deborah Dahl Conversational Technologies SpeechTEK 2009 New York August 24-27

2. Goals of this Session Discuss general considerations about older users and how they impact design Talk about hands-on experience with specific applications

3. Why Design for Seniors? The social reasons: –Make it possible for seniors to fully benefit from technology –Use technology to assist seniors in their daily lives –Use technology to reduce social isolation The business reasons: –Take advantage of a big and growing market –Reduce health care costs technology-based rehab aging in place –Improve containment in call centers

4. Kinds of Senior Applications Call center applications that are used primarily by older customers Call center applications that need to be used by a demographic that includes older users Assistive technologies that help older users in everyday life Rehab applications that help senior users improve functions that have been compromised by aging or a disease

5. Why do Voice Applications for Seniors Need Special Design Considerations? Changes due to aging are familiar to everyone Some of these changes can impact the use of speech applications Aging causes many kinds of changes in all areas of life –Physical, cognitive, social, psychological… Physical and cognitive changes may be most relevant to speech and multimodal applications

6. Physical Changes Perceptual – vision (presbyopia, macular degeneration, cataracts), hearing loss Motor– manual dexterity, physical mobility Effects of chronic diseases –Diseases that affect breathing can change speech –Parkinson’s disease Speaking ability

7. Cognitive Cognitive changes tend to not be as dramatic as physical changes Working memory capacity can become smaller Attention – difficulty in focusing, distractibility increase Learning – may take longer Processing speed – processing new information may be slower Language comprehension– may be slower because of general slowdown in processing new information Language production – may slow due to slower word retrieval

8. Some Specific Considerations

9. Speech-only Applications User has to be able to hear and comprehend prompts –Speech volume, rate, vocabulary, syntactic and semantic complexity of prompts can affect comprehension and memory for choices User has to be able to respond within the timeout period –Speaking ability doesn’t necessarily degrade with age, but people may speak more slowly –Length of speech timeout may need to be adjusted –DTMF responses may be slowed by limited dexterity or ability to see the keypad –Recognizer may need to be trained on older voices

10. Multimodal Applications GUI and speech modalities can complement each other Text display of prompt can assist users who are hard of hearing and it can also provide a memory aid by persisting Spoken prompts can be useful for users who can’t see well Touch screen can assist users who can’t use a mouse Speech input can be used when using a keyboard is too difficult

11. Summary To accommodate senior users, designers must accommodate range of users –both old and young –older people at various ages have different needs –for rehab applications, specific disabilities take into account the physical and cognitive changes related to aging as they apply to speech and multimodal applications

12. Discussion

13. Some Resources Web Accessibility Initiative on Aging (WAI-AGE) http://www.w3.org/WAI/WAI-AGE/ Phil Shinn “The Impact of IVR Voice Talent Selection on Intelligibility”, SpeechTEK 2009 Michael Greene, “Enhancing Accessibility and Personalization Through Senior Friendly Design”, Voice Search 2009