1. Forging new generations of engineers

2. Simple Machines

4. Simple Machine: A device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other point.

5. Work : The force applied on an object multiplied by the distance traveled by the object.

6. Effort : The force needed by a machine in order to accomplish work on a load.

7. Load : The resistance or weight sustained by a machine.

8. Mechanical Advantage (MA) : The ratio of the output force (acting on a load) produced by a machine to the applied effort (the input force).

9. The Six Simple Machines Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Lever Wheel and Axle Pulley

10. The Six Simple Machines Two general classes of simple machines. Those that operate in straight lines or vectors. –Inclined Plane –Wedge –Screw Those that operate by turning. –Lever –Pulley –Wheel and Axle

11. Inclined Plane 1 ft. This inclined plane has a mechanical advantage of 3. Mechanical Advantage = Length / Height MA = Length (3 ft.) divided by the height of the incline (1 ft.). 3 / 1 = 3 MA = 3 3 ft.

12. Inclined Plane 1ft. 3 lb Force x Distance = Work 3 lb of force x 1 ft or distance = 3 ft-lb work

13. Inclined Plane By using in inclined plane with a mechanical advantage of 3 the amount of force required is reduced to one pound. 1 ft. 3 ft. 1 lb

14. Inclined Plane EXAMPLES

15. Wedge A wedge is a movable inclined plane.

16. Wedge 1 ft. Mechanical Advantage = Length / Width MA = 3/1 MA = 3 3 ft.

17. Wedge If the wedge to the right is pushed downward 12 in. with a 50 lb force the result would be a force on the material it is driven into of three times that or 150 lb. over one-third of the distance, 4 in. 150 lb 12 in. 4 in. 50 lb 150 lb

18. Wedge EXAMPLES

19. Screw A screw is basically an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. 1 ft. 3 ft.

20. Screw

22. EXAMPLES

23. Lever A lever is a bar that pivots about a point called the fulcrum. Fulcrum 3 lb Load Effort

24. Lever 1 ft. MA=Fulcrum to Effort / Fulcrum to Load MA=3 / 1 MA=3 3 ft.

25. Lever 3 lb Load 1 lb Effort

26. Lever Effort Work = 1 lb x 3 ft = 3 ft lb 3 lb Load 1 lb Effort Load Work = 3 lb x 1 ft = 3 ft lb

27. Lever Effort Work = 1 lb x 3 ft = 3 ft lb Load Work = 3 lb x 1 ft = 3 ft lb 3 lb Load 1 lb Effort

28. Lever Effort Work = 1 lb x 3 ft = 3 ft lb 3 lb Load 1 lb Effort Load Work = 3 lb x 1 ft = 3 ft lb

29. Types of Levers First Class Effort and Load on opposite sides of the Fulcrum Fulcrum Load Effort

30. Types of Levers First Class Effort and Load on opposite sides of the Fulcrum Fulcrum Load Effort

31. Types of Levers First Class = See Saw

32. Types of Levers Second Class Effort and Fulcrum on opposite side of the Load Fulcrum Load Effort

33. Second Class Effort and Fulcrum on opposite side of the Load Fulcrum Load Effort 4 lb 1 lb Types of Levers

34. Second Class Effort and Fulcrum on opposite side of the Load Fulcrum Load Effort 4 lb 1 lb Types of Levers

35. Second Class Effort and Fulcrum on opposite side of the Load Fulcrum Load Effort Types of Levers

36. Third Class Fulcrum and Load on opposite side of the Effort Fulcrum Load Effort

37. Types of Levers Third Class Fulcrum and Load on opposite side of the Effort Fulcrum Load Effort 4 lb 1 lb

38. Types of Levers Third Class Fulcrum and Load on opposite side of the Effort Fulcrum Load Effort 1 lb 4 lb

39. Types of Levers Third Class Fulcrum and Load on opposite side of the Effort Fulcrum Load Effort

40. Lever EXAMPLES

41. Wheel and Axle Effort Load 6 lb

42. Wheel and Axle Effort Load 6 lb

43. Wheel and Axle Effort Load 6 lb

44. Wheel and Axle Effort Load 6 lb MA=Wheel Diameter / Axle Diameter MA=6 / 1 MA= 6

45. Wheel and Axle Load 6 lb 1 lb Effort

46. Wheel and Axle EXAMPLES

47. Pulley Effort Load 3 lb

48. Pulley Effort Load 3 lb 1

49. Pulley Effort Load 3 lb

50. Effort Load Pulley Start 1 2

51. Effort Load 3 lb Pulley 1 ½ lb

52. End Start

53. Effort Load Pulley 1 lb 4 lb 1 2 3 4

54. Effort Load Pulley 1 lb 4 lb

55. End Start Pulley

56. EXAMPLES

57. References: Morrow, H.W. (1998). Statics and Strength of Materials, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Spiegel, L. & Limbrunner, G. (year). Statics and Strength of Materials-4 th ed., Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall Door Image - j0403728.jpg; Keyboard and Mouse - j0341934.jpg; Robots Welding - j0401916.jpg; Arm - j0431692.jpg – www.office.microsoft.com/en- us/clipartwww.office.microsoft.com/en- us/clipart Pulley Image - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PulleyShip.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PulleyShip.JPG Crane Pulley Image - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crane_pulley_4x.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crane_pulley_4x.jpg Wheelchair and ramp - http://www.riton.com.au/wheel%20chair%20%20ramp%2014.jpghttp://www.riton.com.au/wheel%20chair%20%20ramp%2014.jpg See Saw - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Seesaw-aa.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Seesaw-aa.jpg Wrench - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Open_ended_spanner.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Open_ended_spanner.jpg Tractor and Auger - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tractor_with_Auger_01.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tractor_with_Auger_01.JPG Drill and Screw - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wood_screw.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wood_screw.jpg Spiral Staircase - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cremona%2C_torrazzo_interno_02_scala_a_chiocciola.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cremona%2C_torrazzo_interno_02_scala_a_chiocciola.JPG Locomotive - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:462driving.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:462driving.jpg Bicycle Wheel - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bicycle_wheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bicycle_wheel.jpg Gears - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gears_large.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gears_large.jpg Examples

58. Writer: Tad A. Douce Content Editor: Tad A. Douce Production Work: Tad A. Douce Credits: