1. Burn a Nut S&S 1.3 p10-12

2. Objective: Weigh the advantages and disadvantages of using different energy sources

3. VOCABULARY To survive, our bodies need energy! 2 types of Energy Sources - food and fuel Potential Energy = stored energy Kinetic Energy = released energy

4. VOCABULARY cont. Fuel - used to provide energy for tasks that are important Fuels are either RENEWABLE or NON- RENEWABLE RESOURCES

5. VOCABULARY cont. RENEWABLE Resources - can be replenished in a single human lifetime [i.e. firewood] NON-RENEWABLE Resources - cannot be replenished in a single human lifetime [i.e. coal and gasoline]

6. Consider the following- Why does our society tend to use non- renewable resources as fuel instead of renewable ones? What are the advantages? What are the disadvantages?

7. VOCABULARY cont. Energy Transfer - the amount of energy released can be determined mathematically; in the following Investigation, you will determine the amount of energy transferred by measuring the temperature of water.

8. PreLABs Turn to the next blank page in your LabBook. Write the following in the center of the top line: PreLAB: Burn a Nut

9. PreLABs cont. Read ALL of the procedures for the Lab Investigation Skip 2 lines and on the left margin write: PURPOSE: The purpose of this lab investigation is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of using nuts versus kerosene as energy sources.

10. PreLABs cont. Skip 1 line and on the left margin write: INVESTIGATIVE/TESTABLE QUESTION: What is the effect of [manipulated variable] on [responding variable]? OR How does the [manipulated variable] affect the [responding variable]?

11. Investigative/Testable Question How does using nuts to heat water affect the amount of energy transfer? How does using kerosene to heat water affect the amount of energy transfer?

12. Investigative/Testable Question FORMAT What is the effect of ________________ manipulated variable on __________________________? responding variable

13. Investigative/Testable Question FORMAT How does ________________ manipulated variable affect __________________________? responding variable

14. VARIABLES Controlled - at least 2 variables that will be kept the same during the Investigation Manipulated - the variable that is being changed in the Investigation Responding - the variable that is being measured in the Investigation

15. PreLABs cont. Skip 1 line and on the left margin write: HYPOTHESIS: It was hypothesized that if [manipulated variable] … then [responding variable]… because…

16. HYPOTHESIZING If _________________, manipulated variable then ___________________ responding variable because…

17. PreLABs cont. Skip one line and on the left margin write: VARIABLES: Controlled variables: (2 of them) Manipulated variables: (1) Responding variable: (1)

18. PreLABs cont. Skip one line and on the left margin write: PROCEDURES: Use a numbered list to describe the procedures. DO NOT copy procedures word-for-word; paraphrase them!

19. SAFETY NOTE! You will be using flame during this Investigation, so you MUST be very careful Goggles MUST be worn during this Investigation; failure to do so will result in a ZERO!

20. Procedures cont. Determine the mass of a piece of foil. Add 2 grams of crushed nuts to your foil. Record the total mass on your Data Table. Create a pile of nuts on the corner of your wire gauze. Pour 100 mL of room temp. H 2 O into your can. Record the initial temp. on your Data Table.

21. Procedures cont. Using a ring stand, set up your can. [You may use a ring instead of a test tube clamp]. NOTE: The bottom of the can should hang 5 cm above the wire gauze. As soon as the nut is lit, record the time (or start the stopwatch).

22. Procedures cont. Allow the nuts to burn until it goes out. As soon as the flame goes out, record the time on your Data Table. Record the highest temp. reached by the H 2 O in the can on your Data Table. Calculate the change in temp. [ temp.] of the H 2 O. Record on your Data Table.

23. Procedures cont. Determine the mass of the burned nuts. Calculate the change in mass [ mass] of the nut. Record on your Data Table. If provided, record your data on the Class Data Table.

24. Procedures cont. Repeat the procedures for this Investigation, using kerosene instead of a nut. NOTE: Allow the kerosene to burn for exactly 3 minutes.

25. PreLABs cont. Normally, the PreLAB is due when you walk into class the day of the Lab. There may be a quiz on any or all of the components of the PreLAB

26. Lab Investigation On the day of the Investigation… Write the following in the center of the top line of the next blank page of your LabBook: LAB INVESTIGATION: Burn a Nut

27. Lab Investigation On the day of the Investigation… Skip two lines and on the left margin write: RESULTS/DATA This section will include data table(s); observations, notes, sketches, diagrams, etc.

28. PROCEDURES Type of Nut: Initial Temp. Final Temp. [Chang e] Temp. of H 2 O in can Mass of nut and holder Time

29. Upon completion of the LAB… Write the following in the center of the next blank page of your LabBook (or it may be typed and attached to the next blank page of your LabBook): LAB WRITE-UP, CONCLUSIONS, and POST-LAB: Burn a Nut

30. Upon completion of the LAB… Skip 2 lines and on the left margin write: RESULTS/CALCULATIONS: Show your mathematical computations and/or graph (at least 10 cm x 10 cm) of data.

31. Upon completion of the LAB… Skip one line and on the left margin write: ANALYSIS QUESTIONS: If you were assigned specific questions, answer them here, if none were assigned, write: None assigned

32. Upon completion of the LAB… Skip one line and on the left margin write: CONCLUSIONS: In this section, answer the following. Be thorough, but short and concise. Your goal is to answer the Investigative/Testable Question.

33. Upon completion of the LAB… Identify the purpose of the Lab and briefly summarize what you did. Identify the 2 controlled variables, 1 manipulated variable, and 1 responding variable

34. Upon completion of the LAB… If a hypothesis was made, write a conclusive statement (explains whether or not your results matched your hypothesis) Summarize the results/data that were obtained. Be sure to include quantitative and qualitative data

35. Upon completion of the LAB… Identify at least 2 sources of error. Explain how the errors that you listed and described can be avoided in the future. Present 2 specific suggestions for additional experiments on the Investigative/Testable Question

36. Conclusions cont. Must be written in blue or black pen, or typed Use scientific terminology Use correct grammar/punctuation Avoid the use of pronouns and especially the word IT

37. Conclusions cont. Must be written in blue or black pen, or typed Use scientific terminology Use correct grammar/punctuation Avoid the use of pronouns and especially the word IT