1. OPTICAL ANSWERS TO GRID QUESTIONS Karen McPherson C.S. Major Radford University

2. SOURCE “Grid-Controlled Lightpaths for High Performance Grid Applications" “Grid-Controlled Lightpaths for High Performance Grid Applications" Authors: Raouf Boutaba, Wojciech Golab, Youssef Iraqi, Tianshu Li, and Bill St. Arnaud published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. Authors: Raouf Boutaba, Wojciech Golab, Youssef Iraqi, Tianshu Li, and Bill St. Arnaud published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. Information as well as quoted material is from this source. Information as well as quoted material is from this source.

3. CONTENTS Definitions Definitions Introduction Introduction Architecture Architecture Security Security Conclusion Conclusion Q & A Q & A

4. Definitions Wavelength Division Multiplexing: Technology by which optical lines are divided for traffic by wavelength Wavelength Division Multiplexing: Technology by which optical lines are divided for traffic by wavelength Dark fiber: Installed but unused fiber-optic cable Dark fiber: Installed but unused fiber-optic cable Lightpath Object: An abstraction of one or more lightpaths representing a connection between two or more switches Lightpath Object: An abstraction of one or more lightpaths representing a connection between two or more switches

5. Introduction Question: What is the best network support for the data intensive nature of grids? Question: What is the best network support for the data intensive nature of grids? Answer: Optical networks Answer: Optical networks

6. Capacity & Cost Optical networks provide the speed, reliability, and capacity ideal for huge data transfer Optical networks provide the speed, reliability, and capacity ideal for huge data transfer Emergence of new technologies such as WDM reduces cost of implementation Emergence of new technologies such as WDM reduces cost of implementation Existence of a great deal of currently available dark fiber reduces costs further Existence of a great deal of currently available dark fiber reduces costs further

7. Problem: Existing optical resource management systems – implemented over the internet - are too slow and unreliable Problem: Existing optical resource management systems – implemented over the internet - are too slow and unreliable Solution: “User-Controlled Lightpath Management System” Solution: “User-Controlled Lightpath Management System”

8. Architecture Figure 1. The User Controlled Lightpath Management System is represented by three main layers: User Access Layer (UAL), Service Provisioning Layer (SPL), and the Resource Management Layer (RML) Resource Management Layer User Access Layer Service Provisioning Layer Customer Administrator Grid Application Physical Layer Cross-connect devices and lightpaths

9. User Access Layer (UAL) Uses an HTML interface Uses an HTML interface Incorporates many XML and web based tools by implementing Java Web Services Developer Pack from Sun Microsystems Incorporates many XML and web based tools by implementing Java Web Services Developer Pack from Sun Microsystems Main role is to translate user requests into operations on the services in the Service Provisioning Layer Main role is to translate user requests into operations on the services in the Service Provisioning Layer

10. Service Provisioning Layer (SPL) Consists of Globus Toolkit 3.0 and JBoss application server Consists of Globus Toolkit 3.0 and JBoss application server XML based framework – application / platform independence XML based framework – application / platform independence Maintains information on LPOs and users in a relational database Maintains information on LPOs and users in a relational database Main role is to provide services by manipulating Lightpath Objects (LPO) Main role is to provide services by manipulating Lightpath Objects (LPO)

11. Resource Management Layer (RML) Each cross-connect device is represented by a “Resource Agent” Each cross-connect device is represented by a “Resource Agent” Main role is to provide control over the individual devices Main role is to provide control over the individual devices Incorporates the ability to customize system control with Java byte code Incorporates the ability to customize system control with Java byte code For example: creating your own monitoring policies For example: creating your own monitoring policies

12. SPL Services These services - provided as grid services - manage the LPO resources These services - provided as grid services - manage the LPO resources A Lightpath Object is just that – an object. It contains fields for: A Lightpath Object is just that – an object. It contains fields for: a unique ID a unique ID the IDs of the current and previous owner the IDs of the current and previous owner advertisement and lease expiry dates advertisement and lease expiry dates a status indicating whether the LPO is reserved for use by the owner or has been advertised, partitioned, or concatenated and a status indicating whether the LPO is reserved for use by the owner or has been advertised, partitioned, or concatenated and bandwidth in kbps bandwidth in kbps hardware parameters hardware parameters

13. SPL Services (cont) CreateRootLPO: This is the basic service managed by the appropriate administrators and utilizes the root LPOs mentioned in the previous section CreateRootLPO: This is the basic service managed by the appropriate administrators and utilizes the root LPOs mentioned in the previous section AdvertiseLPO and LeaseLPO: Ownership of lightpaths is transferred by means of “leasing” AdvertiseLPO and LeaseLPO: Ownership of lightpaths is transferred by means of “leasing” PartitionLPO and ConcatenateLPO: These services are key in creating division and formation of lightpath bandwidths PartitionLPO and ConcatenateLPO: These services are key in creating division and formation of lightpath bandwidths

14. SPL Services (cont) AccessLPO: This service prepares a particular path for data traffic AccessLPO: This service prepares a particular path for data traffic ReconfigureLPO: This service is used for lightpath access policy control ReconfigureLPO: This service is used for lightpath access policy control EstablishEndToEndLPO: This service uses those above to form lightpaths, i.e., forming a path of a specific bandwidth between specific endpoints EstablishEndToEndLPO: This service uses those above to form lightpaths, i.e., forming a path of a specific bandwidth between specific endpoints

15. Security The foundation of the security defense presented by this research is achieved by capitalizing on the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) supplied by Globus Toolkit 3.0 The foundation of the security defense presented by this research is achieved by capitalizing on the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) supplied by Globus Toolkit 3.0

16. GSI Security mutual authentication - based on public key encryption and Secure Socket Layer mutual authentication - based on public key encryption and Secure Socket Layer transport layer security - httpg transport layer security - httpg message layer security - XML encryption message layer security - XML encryption

17. Custom Security GSI insufficient to deal with user privileges in this lightpath management system GSI insufficient to deal with user privileges in this lightpath management system Researches implemented an additional, separate authorization mechanism Researches implemented an additional, separate authorization mechanism Implementing their own control allowed the researchers to add a customization feature to this authorization. Implementing their own control allowed the researchers to add a customization feature to this authorization.

18. Conclusion The solution offered by “Grid-Controlled Lightpaths for High Performance Grid Applications” does appear to confirm optical answers to grid questions The solution offered by “Grid-Controlled Lightpaths for High Performance Grid Applications” does appear to confirm optical answers to grid questions The solution delivers grid level data transfer at a realistic cost The solution delivers grid level data transfer at a realistic cost The management offered by this research also seems to address grid needs - by using a “grid- centric” approach such as the services provided in the SPL, this system may be utilized by grid applications in a very innate way The management offered by this research also seems to address grid needs - by using a “grid- centric” approach such as the services provided in the SPL, this system may be utilized by grid applications in a very innate way

19. Q & A